Hello, mpv! 🎉

.gitignore

@@ -97,3 +97,5 @@ iOSInjectionProject/
 
 # User-specific xcconfig files
 Xcode-config/DEVELOPMENT_TEAM.xcconfig
+# disable simulator libraries - to be removed when replaced with framework for mpv
+Vendor/mpv/iOS/lib_sim

Extensions/Comparable+Clamped.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import Foundation
+
+extension Comparable {
+    func clamped(to limits: ClosedRange<Self>) -> Self {
+        min(max(self, limits.lowerBound), limits.upperBound)
+    }
+}

Model/Applications/InvidiousAPI.swift

@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ final class InvidiousAPI: Service, ObservableObject, VideosAPI {
             return []
         }
 
-        let videoAssetsURLs = streams.filter { $0["type"].stringValue.starts(with: "video/mp4") && $0["encoding"].stringValue == "h264" }
+        let videoAssetsURLs = streams.filter { $0["type"].stringValue.starts(with: "video/") }
 
         return videoAssetsURLs.map {
             Stream(
@@ -474,7 +474,8 @@ final class InvidiousAPI: Service, ObservableObject, VideosAPI {
                 videoAsset: AVURLAsset(url: $0["url"].url!),
                 resolution: Stream.Resolution.from(resolution: $0["resolution"].stringValue),
                 kind: .adaptive,
-                encoding: $0["encoding"].stringValue
+                encoding: $0["encoding"].stringValue,
+                videoFormat: $0["type"].stringValue
             )
         }
     }

Model/Applications/PipedAPI.swift

@@ -481,11 +481,19 @@ final class PipedAPI: Service, ObservableObject, VideosAPI {
             streams.append(Stream(hlsURL: hlsURL))
         }
 
-        guard let audioStream = compatibleAudioStreams(from: content).first else {
+        let audioStreams = content
+            .dictionaryValue["audioStreams"]?
+            .arrayValue
+            .filter { $0.dictionaryValue["format"]?.stringValue == "M4A" }
+            .sorted {
+                $0.dictionaryValue["bitrate"]?.intValue ?? 0 > $1.dictionaryValue["bitrate"]?.intValue ?? 0
+            } ?? []
+
+        guard let audioStream = audioStreams.first else {
             return streams
         }
 
-        let videoStreams = compatibleVideoStream(from: content)
+        let videoStreams = content.dictionaryValue["videoStreams"]?.arrayValue ?? []
 
         videoStreams.forEach { videoStream in
             guard let audioAssetUrl = audioStream.dictionaryValue["url"]?.url,
@@ -499,10 +507,11 @@ final class PipedAPI: Service, ObservableObject, VideosAPI {
 
             let videoOnly = videoStream.dictionaryValue["videoOnly"]?.boolValue ?? true
             let resolution = Stream.Resolution.from(resolution: videoStream.dictionaryValue["quality"]!.stringValue)
+            let videoFormat = videoStream.dictionaryValue["format"]?.stringValue
 
             if videoOnly {
                 streams.append(
-                    Stream(audioAsset: audioAsset, videoAsset: videoAsset, resolution: resolution, kind: .adaptive)
+                    Stream(audioAsset: audioAsset, videoAsset: videoAsset, resolution: resolution, kind: .adaptive, videoFormat: videoFormat)
                 )
             } else {
                 streams.append(
@@ -521,23 +530,6 @@ final class PipedAPI: Service, ObservableObject, VideosAPI {
             .compactMap(extractVideo(from:)) ?? []
     }
 
-    private func compatibleAudioStreams(from content: JSON) -> [JSON] {
-        content
-            .dictionaryValue["audioStreams"]?
-            .arrayValue
-            .filter { $0.dictionaryValue["format"]?.stringValue == "M4A" }
-            .sorted {
-                $0.dictionaryValue["bitrate"]?.intValue ?? 0 > $1.dictionaryValue["bitrate"]?.intValue ?? 0
-            } ?? []
-    }
-
-    private func compatibleVideoStream(from content: JSON) -> [JSON] {
-        content
-            .dictionaryValue["videoStreams"]?
-            .arrayValue
-            .filter { $0.dictionaryValue["format"] == "MPEG_4" } ?? []
-    }
-
     private func extractComment(from content: JSON) -> Comment? {
         let details = content.dictionaryValue
         let author = details["author"]?.stringValue ?? ""

Model/HistoryModel.swift

@@ -23,13 +23,14 @@ extension PlayerModel {
     }
 
     func updateWatch(finished: Bool = false) {
-        guard let id = currentVideo?.videoID else {
+        guard let id = currentVideo?.videoID,
+              Defaults[.saveHistory]
+        else {
             return
         }
 
-        let time = player.currentTime()
-        let seconds = time.seconds
-        currentItem.playbackTime = time
+        let time = backend.currentTime
+        let seconds = time?.seconds ?? 0
 
         let watch: Watch!
         let watchFetchRequest = Watch.fetchRequest()

Model/Player/Backends/AVPlayerBackend.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,613 @@
+import AVFoundation
+import Defaults
+import Foundation
+import MediaPlayer
+import UIKit
+
+final class AVPlayerBackend: PlayerBackend {
+    static let assetKeysToLoad = ["tracks", "playable", "duration"]
+
+    var model: PlayerModel!
+    var controls: PlayerControlsModel!
+
+    var stream: Stream?
+    var video: Video?
+
+    var currentTime: CMTime? {
+        avPlayer.currentTime()
+    }
+
+    var loadedVideo: Bool {
+        !avPlayer.currentItem.isNil
+    }
+
+    var isLoadingVideo: Bool {
+        model.currentItem == nil || model.time == nil || !model.time!.isValid
+    }
+
+    var isPlaying: Bool {
+        avPlayer.timeControlStatus == .playing
+    }
+
+    var playerItemDuration: CMTime? {
+        avPlayer.currentItem?.asset.duration
+    }
+
+    private(set) var avPlayer = AVPlayer()
+    var controller: AppleAVPlayerViewController?
+
+    private var asset: AVURLAsset?
+    private var composition = AVMutableComposition()
+    private var loadedCompositionAssets = [AVMediaType]()
+
+    private var currentArtwork: MPMediaItemArtwork?
+    private var frequentTimeObserver: Any?
+    private var infrequentTimeObserver: Any?
+    private var playerTimeControlStatusObserver: Any?
+
+    private var statusObservation: NSKeyValueObservation?
+
+    private var timeObserverThrottle = Throttle(interval: 2)
+
+    init(model: PlayerModel, controls: PlayerControlsModel?) {
+        self.model = model
+        self.controls = controls
+
+        addFrequentTimeObserver()
+        addInfrequentTimeObserver()
+        addPlayerTimeControlStatusObserver()
+    }
+
+    func bestPlayable(_ streams: [Stream]) -> Stream? {
+        streams.first { $0.kind == .hls } ??
+            streams.filter { $0.kind == .adaptive }.max { $0.resolution < $1.resolution } ??
+            streams.first
+    }
+
+    func canPlay(_ stream: Stream) -> Bool {
+        stream.kind == .hls || stream.kind == .stream || stream.videoFormat == "MPEG_4" ||
+            (stream.videoFormat.starts(with: "video/mp4") && stream.encoding == "h264")
+    }
+
+    func playStream(
+        _ stream: Stream,
+        of video: Video,
+        preservingTime: Bool,
+        upgrading: Bool
+    ) {
+        if let url = stream.singleAssetURL {
+            model.logger.info("playing stream with one asset\(stream.kind == .hls ? " (HLS)" : ""): \(url)")
+            loadSingleAsset(url, stream: stream, of: video, preservingTime: preservingTime)
+        } else {
+            model.logger.info("playing stream with many assets:")
+            model.logger.info("composition audio asset: \(stream.audioAsset.url)")
+            model.logger.info("composition video asset: \(stream.videoAsset.url)")
+
+            loadComposition(stream, of: video, preservingTime: preservingTime)
+        }
+
+        if !upgrading {
+            updateCurrentArtwork()
+        }
+    }
+
+    func play() {
+        guard avPlayer.timeControlStatus != .playing else {
+            return
+        }
+
+        avPlayer.play()
+    }
+
+    func pause() {
+        guard avPlayer.timeControlStatus != .paused else {
+            return
+        }
+
+        avPlayer.pause()
+    }
+
+    func togglePlay() {
+        isPlaying ? pause() : play()
+    }
+
+    func stop() {
+        avPlayer.replaceCurrentItem(with: nil)
+    }
+
+    func seek(to time: CMTime, completionHandler: ((Bool) -> Void)?) {
+        avPlayer.seek(
+            to: time,
+            toleranceBefore: .secondsInDefaultTimescale(1),
+            toleranceAfter: .zero,
+            completionHandler: completionHandler ?? { _ in }
+        )
+    }
+
+    func seek(relative time: CMTime, completionHandler: ((Bool) -> Void)? = nil) {
+        if let currentTime = currentTime {
+            seek(to: currentTime + time, completionHandler: completionHandler)
+        }
+    }
+
+    func setRate(_ rate: Float) {
+        avPlayer.rate = rate
+    }
+
+    func closeItem() {
+        avPlayer.replaceCurrentItem(with: nil)
+    }
+
+    func enterFullScreen() {
+        controller?.playerView
+            .perform(NSSelectorFromString("enterFullScreenAnimated:completionHandler:"), with: false, with: nil)
+    }
+
+    func exitFullScreen() {
+        controller?.playerView
+            .perform(NSSelectorFromString("exitFullScreenAnimated:completionHandler:"), with: false, with: nil)
+    }
+
+    #if os(tvOS)
+        func closePiP(wasPlaying: Bool) {
+            let item = avPlayer.currentItem
+            let time = avPlayer.currentTime()
+
+            avPlayer.replaceCurrentItem(with: nil)
+
+            guard !item.isNil else {
+                return
+            }
+
+            avPlayer.seek(to: time)
+            avPlayer.replaceCurrentItem(with: item)
+
+            guard wasPlaying else {
+                return
+            }
+
+            DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 1) { [weak self] in
+                self?.play()
+            }
+        }
+    #else
+        func closePiP(wasPlaying: Bool) {
+            controller?.playerView.player = nil
+            controller?.playerView.player = avPlayer
+
+            guard wasPlaying else {
+                return
+            }
+
+            DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.5) { [weak self] in
+                self?.play()
+            }
+        }
+    #endif
+
+    func updateControls() {}
+    func startControlsUpdates() {}
+    func stopControlsUpdates() {}
+    func setNeedsDrawing(_: Bool) {}
+
+    private func loadSingleAsset(
+        _ url: URL,
+        stream: Stream,
+        of video: Video,
+        preservingTime: Bool = false
+    ) {
+        asset?.cancelLoading()
+        asset = AVURLAsset(url: url)
+        asset?.loadValuesAsynchronously(forKeys: Self.assetKeysToLoad) { [weak self] in
+            var error: NSError?
+            switch self?.asset?.statusOfValue(forKey: "duration", error: &error) {
+            case .loaded:
+                DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
+                    self?.insertPlayerItem(stream, for: video, preservingTime: preservingTime)
+                }
+            case .failed:
+                DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
+                    self?.model.playerError = error
+                }
+            default:
+                return
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func loadComposition(
+        _ stream: Stream,
+        of video: Video,
+        preservingTime: Bool = false
+    ) {
+        loadedCompositionAssets = []
+        loadCompositionAsset(stream.audioAsset, stream: stream, type: .audio, of: video, preservingTime: preservingTime, model: model)
+        loadCompositionAsset(stream.videoAsset, stream: stream, type: .video, of: video, preservingTime: preservingTime, model: model)
+    }
+
+    private func loadCompositionAsset(
+        _ asset: AVURLAsset,
+        stream: Stream,
+        type: AVMediaType,
+        of video: Video,
+        preservingTime: Bool = false,
+        model: PlayerModel
+    ) {
+        asset.loadValuesAsynchronously(forKeys: Self.assetKeysToLoad) { [weak self] in
+            guard let self = self else {
+                return
+            }
+            model.logger.info("loading \(type.rawValue) track")
+
+            let assetTracks = asset.tracks(withMediaType: type)
+
+            guard let compositionTrack = self.composition.addMutableTrack(
+                withMediaType: type,
+                preferredTrackID: kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid
+            ) else {
+                model.logger.critical("composition \(type.rawValue) addMutableTrack FAILED")
+                return
+            }
+
+            guard let assetTrack = assetTracks.first else {
+                model.logger.critical("asset \(type.rawValue) track FAILED")
+                return
+            }
+
+            try! compositionTrack.insertTimeRange(
+                CMTimeRange(start: .zero, duration: CMTime.secondsInDefaultTimescale(video.length)),
+                of: assetTrack,
+                at: .zero
+            )
+
+            model.logger.critical("\(type.rawValue) LOADED")
+
+            guard model.streamSelection == stream else {
+                model.logger.critical("IGNORING LOADED")
+                return
+            }
+
+            self.loadedCompositionAssets.append(type)
+
+            if self.loadedCompositionAssets.count == 2 {
+                self.insertPlayerItem(stream, for: video, preservingTime: preservingTime)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func insertPlayerItem(
+        _ stream: Stream,
+        for video: Video,
+        preservingTime: Bool = false
+    ) {
+        removeItemDidPlayToEndTimeObserver()
+
+        model.playerItem = playerItem(stream)
+        guard model.playerItem != nil else {
+            return
+        }
+
+        addItemDidPlayToEndTimeObserver()
+        attachMetadata(to: model.playerItem!, video: video, for: stream)
+
+        DispatchQueue.main.async {
+            self.stream = stream
+            self.video = video
+            self.model.stream = stream
+            self.composition = AVMutableComposition()
+            self.asset = nil
+        }
+
+        let startPlaying = {
+            #if !os(macOS)
+                try? AVAudioSession.sharedInstance().setActive(true)
+            #endif
+
+            if self.isAutoplaying(self.model.playerItem!) {
+                DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.3) { [weak self] in
+                    guard let self = self else {
+                        return
+                    }
+
+                    if !preservingTime,
+                       let segment = self.model.sponsorBlock.segments.first,
+                       segment.start < 3,
+                       self.model.lastSkipped.isNil
+                    {
+                        self.avPlayer.seek(
+                            to: segment.endTime,
+                            toleranceBefore: .secondsInDefaultTimescale(1),
+                            toleranceAfter: .zero
+                        ) { finished in
+                            guard finished else {
+                                return
+                            }
+
+                            self.model.lastSkipped = segment
+                            self.model.play()
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        self.model.play()
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let replaceItemAndSeek = {
+            guard video == self.model.currentVideo else {
+                return
+            }
+            self.avPlayer.replaceCurrentItem(with: self.model.playerItem)
+            self.seekToPreservedTime { finished in
+                guard finished else {
+                    return
+                }
+                self.model.preservedTime = nil
+
+                startPlaying()
+            }
+        }
+
+        if preservingTime {
+            if model.preservedTime.isNil {
+                model.saveTime {
+                    replaceItemAndSeek()
+                    startPlaying()
+                }
+            } else {
+                replaceItemAndSeek()
+                startPlaying()
+            }
+        } else {
+            avPlayer.replaceCurrentItem(with: model.playerItem)
+            startPlaying()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func seekToPreservedTime(completionHandler: @escaping (Bool) -> Void = { _ in }) {
+        guard let time = model.preservedTime else {
+            return
+        }
+
+        avPlayer.seek(
+            to: time,
+            toleranceBefore: .secondsInDefaultTimescale(1),
+            toleranceAfter: .zero,
+            completionHandler: completionHandler
+        )
+    }
+
+    private func playerItem(_: Stream) -> AVPlayerItem? {
+        if let asset = asset {
+            return AVPlayerItem(asset: asset)
+        } else {
+            return AVPlayerItem(asset: composition)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func attachMetadata(to item: AVPlayerItem, video: Video, for _: Stream? = nil) {
+        #if !os(macOS)
+            var externalMetadata = [
+                makeMetadataItem(.commonIdentifierTitle, value: video.title),
+                makeMetadataItem(.quickTimeMetadataGenre, value: video.genre ?? ""),
+                makeMetadataItem(.commonIdentifierDescription, value: video.description ?? "")
+            ]
+            if let thumbnailData = try? Data(contentsOf: video.thumbnailURL(quality: .medium)!),
+               let image = UIImage(data: thumbnailData),
+               let pngData = image.pngData()
+            {
+                let artworkItem = makeMetadataItem(.commonIdentifierArtwork, value: pngData)
+                externalMetadata.append(artworkItem)
+            }
+
+            item.externalMetadata = externalMetadata
+        #endif
+
+        item.preferredForwardBufferDuration = 5
+
+        observePlayerItemStatus(item)
+    }
+
+    #if !os(macOS)
+        private func makeMetadataItem(_ identifier: AVMetadataIdentifier, value: Any) -> AVMetadataItem {
+            let item = AVMutableMetadataItem()
+
+            item.identifier = identifier
+            item.value = value as? NSCopying & NSObjectProtocol
+            item.extendedLanguageTag = "und"
+
+            return item.copy() as! AVMetadataItem
+        }
+    #endif
+
+    func isAutoplaying(_ item: AVPlayerItem) -> Bool {
+        avPlayer.currentItem == item
+    }
+
+    private func observePlayerItemStatus(_ item: AVPlayerItem) {
+        statusObservation?.invalidate()
+        statusObservation = item.observe(\.status, options: [.old, .new]) { [weak self] playerItem, _ in
+            guard let self = self else {
+                return
+            }
+
+            switch playerItem.status {
+            case .readyToPlay:
+                if self.isAutoplaying(playerItem) {
+                    self.model.play()
+                }
+            case .failed:
+                self.model.playerError = item.error
+
+            default:
+                return
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func addItemDidPlayToEndTimeObserver() {
+        NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
+            self,
+            selector: #selector(itemDidPlayToEndTime),
+            name: NSNotification.Name.AVPlayerItemDidPlayToEndTime,
+            object: playerItem
+        )
+    }
+
+    private func removeItemDidPlayToEndTimeObserver() {
+        NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(
+            self,
+            name: NSNotification.Name.AVPlayerItemDidPlayToEndTime,
+            object: playerItem
+        )
+    }
+
+    @objc func itemDidPlayToEndTime() {
+        model.prepareCurrentItemForHistory(finished: true)
+
+        if model.queue.isEmpty {
+            #if !os(macOS)
+                try? AVAudioSession.sharedInstance().setActive(false)
+            #endif
+            model.resetQueue()
+            #if os(tvOS)
+                controller?.playerView.dismiss(animated: false) { [weak self] in
+                    self?.controller?.dismiss(animated: true)
+                }
+            #else
+                model.hide()
+            #endif
+        } else {
+            model.advanceToNextItem()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func addFrequentTimeObserver() {
+        let interval = CMTime.secondsInDefaultTimescale(0.5)
+
+        frequentTimeObserver = avPlayer.addPeriodicTimeObserver(
+            forInterval: interval,
+            queue: .main
+        ) { [weak self] _ in
+            guard let self = self else {
+                return
+            }
+
+            guard !self.model.currentItem.isNil else {
+                return
+            }
+
+            self.controls.duration = self.playerItemDuration ?? .zero
+            self.controls.currentTime = self.currentTime ?? .zero
+
+            #if !os(tvOS)
+                self.updateNowPlayingInfo()
+            #endif
+
+            if let currentTime = self.currentTime {
+                self.model.handleSegments(at: currentTime)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func addInfrequentTimeObserver() {
+        let interval = CMTime.secondsInDefaultTimescale(5)
+
+        infrequentTimeObserver = avPlayer.addPeriodicTimeObserver(
+            forInterval: interval,
+            queue: .main
+        ) { [weak self] _ in
+            guard let self = self else {
+                return
+            }
+
+            guard !self.model.currentItem.isNil else {
+                return
+            }
+
+            self.timeObserverThrottle.execute {
+                self.model.updateWatch()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func addPlayerTimeControlStatusObserver() {
+        playerTimeControlStatusObserver = avPlayer.observe(\.timeControlStatus) { [weak self] player, _ in
+            guard let self = self,
+                  self.avPlayer == player
+            else {
+                return
+            }
+
+            DispatchQueue.main.async {
+                self.controls.isPlaying = player.timeControlStatus == .playing
+            }
+
+            if player.timeControlStatus != .waitingToPlayAtSpecifiedRate {
+                DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
+                    self?.model.objectWillChange.send()
+                }
+            }
+
+            if player.timeControlStatus == .playing, player.rate != self.model.currentRate {
+                player.rate = self.model.currentRate
+            }
+
+            #if os(macOS)
+                if player.timeControlStatus == .playing {
+                    ScreenSaverManager.shared.disable(reason: "Yattee is playing video")
+                } else {
+                    ScreenSaverManager.shared.enable()
+                }
+            #endif
+
+            self.timeObserverThrottle.execute {
+                self.model.updateWatch()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func updateCurrentArtwork() {
+        guard let thumbnailData = try? Data(contentsOf: model.currentItem.video.thumbnailURL(quality: .medium)!) else {
+            return
+        }
+
+        #if os(macOS)
+            let image = NSImage(data: thumbnailData)
+        #else
+            let image = UIImage(data: thumbnailData)
+        #endif
+
+        if image.isNil {
+            return
+        }
+
+        currentArtwork = MPMediaItemArtwork(boundsSize: image!.size) { _ in image! }
+    }
+
+    fileprivate func updateNowPlayingInfo() {
+        var nowPlayingInfo: [String: AnyObject] = [
+            MPMediaItemPropertyTitle: model.currentItem.video.title as AnyObject,
+            MPMediaItemPropertyArtist: model.currentItem.video.author as AnyObject,
+            MPNowPlayingInfoPropertyIsLiveStream: model.currentItem.video.live as AnyObject,
+            MPNowPlayingInfoPropertyElapsedPlaybackTime: avPlayer.currentTime().seconds as AnyObject,
+            MPNowPlayingInfoPropertyPlaybackQueueCount: model.queue.count as AnyObject,
+            MPMediaItemPropertyMediaType: MPMediaType.anyVideo.rawValue as AnyObject
+        ]
+
+        if !currentArtwork.isNil {
+            nowPlayingInfo[MPMediaItemPropertyArtwork] = currentArtwork as AnyObject
+        }
+
+        if !model.currentItem.video.live {
+            let itemDuration = model.currentItem.videoDuration ?? model.currentItem.duration
+            let duration = itemDuration.isFinite ? Double(itemDuration) : nil
+
+            if !duration.isNil {
+                nowPlayingInfo[MPMediaItemPropertyPlaybackDuration] = duration as AnyObject
+            }
+        }
+
+        MPNowPlayingInfoCenter.default().nowPlayingInfo = nowPlayingInfo
+    }
+}

Model/Player/Backends/MPVBackend.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+import AVFAudio
+import CoreMedia
+import Foundation
+import Logging
+import SwiftUI
+
+final class MPVBackend: PlayerBackend {
+    private var logger = Logger(label: "mpv-backend")
+
+    var model: PlayerModel!
+    var controls: PlayerControlsModel!
+
+    var stream: Stream?
+    var video: Video?
+    var currentTime: CMTime?
+
+    var loadedVideo = false
+    var isLoadingVideo = true
+
+    var isPlaying = true { didSet {
+        if isPlaying {
+            startClientUpdates()
+        } else {
+            stopControlsUpdates()
+        }
+
+        updateControlsIsPlaying()
+    }}
+    var playerItemDuration: CMTime?
+
+    var controller: MPVViewController!
+    var client: MPVClient! { didSet { client.backend = self } }
+
+    private var clientTimer: RepeatingTimer!
+
+    private var onFileLoaded: (() -> Void)?
+
+    private var controlsUpdates = false
+    private var timeObserverThrottle = Throttle(interval: 2)
+
+    init(model: PlayerModel, controls: PlayerControlsModel? = nil) {
+        self.model = model
+        self.controls = controls
+
+        clientTimer = .init(timeInterval: 1)
+        clientTimer.eventHandler = getClientUpdates
+    }
+
+    func bestPlayable(_ streams: [Stream]) -> Stream? {
+        streams.filter { $0.kind == .adaptive }.max { $0.resolution < $1.resolution } ??
+            streams.first { $0.kind == .hls } ??
+            streams.first
+    }
+
+    func canPlay(_ stream: Stream) -> Bool {
+        stream.resolution != .unknown && stream.format != "AV1"
+    }
+
+    func playStream(_ stream: Stream, of video: Video, preservingTime: Bool, upgrading _: Bool) {
+        let updateCurrentStream = {
+            DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
+                self?.stream = stream
+                self?.video = video
+                self?.model.stream = stream
+            }
+        }
+
+        let startPlaying = {
+            #if !os(macOS)
+                try? AVAudioSession.sharedInstance().setActive(true)
+            #endif
+
+            DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
+                guard let self = self else {
+                    return
+                }
+
+                self.startClientUpdates()
+
+                if !preservingTime,
+                   let segment = self.model.sponsorBlock.segments.first,
+                   segment.start < 3,
+                   self.model.lastSkipped.isNil
+                {
+                    self.seek(to: segment.endTime) { finished in
+                        guard finished else {
+                            return
+                        }
+
+                        self.model.lastSkipped = segment
+                        self.play()
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    self.play()
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let replaceItem: (CMTime?) -> Void = { [weak self] time in
+            guard let self = self else {
+                return
+            }
+
+            self.stop()
+
+            if let url = stream.singleAssetURL {
+                self.onFileLoaded = { [weak self] in
+                    self?.setIsLoadingVideo(false)
+                    updateCurrentStream()
+                    startPlaying()
+                }
+
+                self.client.loadFile(url, time: time) { [weak self] _ in
+                    self?.setIsLoadingVideo(true)
+                }
+            } else {
+                self.onFileLoaded = { [weak self] in
+                    self?.client.addAudio(stream.audioAsset.url) { _ in
+                        self?.setIsLoadingVideo(false)
+                        updateCurrentStream()
+                        startPlaying()
+                    }
+                }
+
+                self.client.loadFile(stream.videoAsset.url, time: time) { [weak self] _ in
+                    self?.setIsLoadingVideo(true)
+                    self?.pause()
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if preservingTime {
+            if model.preservedTime.isNil {
+                model.saveTime {
+                    replaceItem(self.model.preservedTime)
+                }
+            } else {
+                replaceItem(self.model.preservedTime)
+            }
+        } else {
+            replaceItem(nil)
+        }
+    }
+
+    func play() {
+        isPlaying = true
+        startClientUpdates()
+
+        client?.play()
+    }
+
+    func pause() {
+        isPlaying = false
+        stopClientUpdates()
+
+        client?.pause()
+    }
+
+    func togglePlay() {
+        isPlaying ? pause() : play()
+    }
+
+    func stop() {
+        client?.stop()
+    }
+
+    func seek(to time: CMTime, completionHandler: ((Bool) -> Void)?) {
+        client.seek(to: time) { [weak self] _ in
+            self?.getClientUpdates()
+            self?.updateControls()
+            completionHandler?(true)
+        }
+    }
+
+    func seek(relative time: CMTime, completionHandler: ((Bool) -> Void)? = nil) {
+        client.seek(relative: time) { [weak self] _ in
+            self?.getClientUpdates()
+            self?.updateControls()
+            completionHandler?(true)
+        }
+    }
+
+    func setRate(_: Float) {
+        // TODO: Implement rate change
+    }
+
+    func closeItem() {}
+
+    func enterFullScreen() {}
+
+    func exitFullScreen() {}
+
+    func closePiP(wasPlaying _: Bool) {}
+
+    func updateControls() {
+        DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
+            self?.logger.info("updating controls")
+            self?.controls.currentTime = self?.currentTime ?? .zero
+            self?.controls.duration = self?.playerItemDuration ?? .zero
+        }
+    }
+
+    func startControlsUpdates() {
+        self.logger.info("starting controls updates")
+        controlsUpdates = true
+    }
+
+    func stopControlsUpdates() {
+        self.logger.info("stopping controls updates")
+        controlsUpdates = false
+    }
+
+    func startClientUpdates() {
+        clientTimer.resume()
+    }
+
+    private func getClientUpdates() {
+        self.logger.info("getting client updates")
+
+        currentTime = client?.currentTime
+        playerItemDuration = client?.duration
+
+        if controlsUpdates {
+            updateControls()
+        }
+
+        if let currentTime = currentTime {
+            model.handleSegments(at: currentTime)
+        }
+
+        self.timeObserverThrottle.execute {
+            self.model.updateWatch()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func stopClientUpdates() {
+        clientTimer.suspend()
+    }
+
+    private func updateControlsIsPlaying() {
+        DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
+            self?.controls.isPlaying = self?.isPlaying ?? false
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func setIsLoadingVideo(_ value: Bool) {
+        isLoadingVideo = value
+        DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
+            self?.controls.isLoadingVideo = value
+        }
+    }
+
+    func handle(_ event: UnsafePointer<mpv_event>!) {
+        logger.info("\(String(cString: mpv_event_name(event.pointee.event_id)))")
+
+        switch event.pointee.event_id {
+        case MPV_EVENT_SHUTDOWN:
+            mpv_destroy(client.mpv)
+            client.mpv = nil
+
+        case MPV_EVENT_LOG_MESSAGE:
+            let logmsg = UnsafeMutablePointer<mpv_event_log_message>(OpaquePointer(event.pointee.data))
+            logger.info(.init(stringLiteral: "log: \(String(cString: (logmsg!.pointee.prefix)!)), "
+                    + "\(String(cString: (logmsg!.pointee.level)!)), "
+                    + "\(String(cString: (logmsg!.pointee.text)!))"))
+
+        case MPV_EVENT_FILE_LOADED:
+            onFileLoaded?()
+            onFileLoaded = nil
+
+        case MPV_EVENT_END_FILE:
+            break
+            // DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
+            // TODO: handle EOF
+            // self?.handleEndOfFile(event)
+            // }
+
+        default:
+            logger.info(.init(stringLiteral: "event: \(String(cString: mpv_event_name(event.pointee.event_id)))"))
+        }
+    }
+
+    func handleEndOfFile(_: UnsafePointer<mpv_event>!) {
+        guard !isLoadingVideo else {
+            return
+        }
+
+        model.prepareCurrentItemForHistory(finished: true)
+
+        if model.queue.isEmpty {
+            #if !os(macOS)
+                try? AVAudioSession.sharedInstance().setActive(false)
+            #endif
+            model.resetQueue()
+
+            model.hide()
+        } else {
+            model.advanceToNextItem()
+        }
+    }
+
+    func setNeedsDrawing(_ needsDrawing: Bool) {
+        client?.setNeedsDrawing(needsDrawing)
+    }
+}

Model/Player/Backends/MPVClient.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+import Foundation
+import Logging
+#if !os(macOS)
+    import CoreMedia
+    import Siesta
+    import UIKit
+#endif
+
+final class MPVClient: ObservableObject {
+    private var logger = Logger(label: "mpv-client")
+
+    var mpv: OpaquePointer!
+    var mpvGL: OpaquePointer!
+    var queue: DispatchQueue!
+    var glView: MPVOGLView!
+    var backend: MPVBackend!
+
+    func create(frame: CGRect) -> MPVOGLView {
+        glView = MPVOGLView(frame: frame)
+
+        mpv = mpv_create()
+        if mpv == nil {
+            print("failed creating context\n")
+            exit(1)
+        }
+
+        checkError(mpv_request_log_messages(mpv, "warn"))
+        checkError(mpv_initialize(mpv))
+        checkError(mpv_set_option_string(mpv, "vo", "libmpv"))
+        checkError(mpv_set_option_string(mpv, "hwdec", "yes"))
+
+        checkError(mpv_set_option_string(mpv, "override-display-fps", "\(UIScreen.main.maximumFramesPerSecond)"))
+        checkError(mpv_set_option_string(mpv, "video-sync", "display-resample"))
+
+        let api = UnsafeMutableRawPointer(mutating: (MPV_RENDER_API_TYPE_OPENGL as NSString).utf8String)
+        var initParams = mpv_opengl_init_params(
+            get_proc_address: getProcAddress(_:_:),
+            get_proc_address_ctx: nil,
+            extra_exts: nil
+        )
+
+        withUnsafeMutablePointer(to: &initParams) { initParams in
+            var params = [
+                mpv_render_param(type: MPV_RENDER_PARAM_API_TYPE, data: api),
+                mpv_render_param(type: MPV_RENDER_PARAM_OPENGL_INIT_PARAMS, data: initParams),
+                mpv_render_param()
+            ]
+
+            var mpvGL: OpaquePointer?
+
+            if mpv_render_context_create(&mpvGL, mpv, &params) < 0 {
+                puts("failed to initialize mpv GL context")
+                exit(1)
+            }
+
+            glView.mpvGL = UnsafeMutableRawPointer(mpvGL)
+
+            mpv_render_context_set_update_callback(
+                mpvGL,
+                glUpdate(_:),
+                UnsafeMutableRawPointer(Unmanaged.passUnretained(glView).toOpaque())
+            )
+        }
+
+        queue = DispatchQueue(label: "mpv", qos: .background)
+        queue!.async {
+            mpv_set_wakeup_callback(self.mpv, wakeUp, UnsafeMutableRawPointer(Unmanaged.passUnretained(self).toOpaque()))
+        }
+
+        return glView
+    }
+
+    func readEvents() {
+        queue?.async { [self] in
+            while self.mpv != nil {
+                let event = mpv_wait_event(self.mpv, 0)
+                if event!.pointee.event_id == MPV_EVENT_NONE {
+                    break
+                }
+                backend.handle(event)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    func loadFile(_ url: URL, time: CMTime? = nil, completionHandler: ((Int32) -> Void)? = nil) {
+        var args = [url.absoluteString]
+        if let time = time {
+            args.append("replace")
+            args.append("start=\(Int(time.seconds))")
+        }
+
+        command("loadfile", args: args, returnValueCallback: completionHandler)
+    }
+
+    func addAudio(_ url: URL, completionHandler: ((Int32) -> Void)? = nil) {
+        command("audio-add", args: [url.absoluteString], returnValueCallback: completionHandler)
+    }
+
+    func play() {
+        setFlagAsync("pause", false)
+    }
+
+    func pause() {
+        setFlagAsync("pause", true)
+    }
+
+    func togglePlay() {
+        command("cycle", args: ["pause"])
+    }
+
+    func stop() {
+        command("stop")
+    }
+
+    var currentTime: CMTime {
+        CMTime.secondsInDefaultTimescale(getDouble("time-pos"))
+    }
+
+    var duration: CMTime {
+        CMTime.secondsInDefaultTimescale(getDouble("duration"))
+    }
+
+    func seek(relative time: CMTime, completionHandler: ((Bool) -> Void)? = nil) {
+        command("seek", args: [String(time.seconds)]) { _ in
+            completionHandler?(true)
+        }
+    }
+
+    func seek(to time: CMTime, completionHandler: ((Bool) -> Void)? = nil) {
+        command("seek", args: [String(time.seconds), "absolute"]) { _ in
+            completionHandler?(true)
+        }
+    }
+
+    func setSize(_ width: Double, _ height: Double) {
+        logger.info("setting player size to \(width),\(height)")
+        #if !os(macOS)
+            guard width <= UIScreen.main.bounds.width, height <= UIScreen.main.bounds.height else {
+                logger.info("requested size is greater than screen size, ignoring")
+                return
+            }
+        #endif
+
+        glView?.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: width, height: height)
+    }
+
+    func setNeedsDrawing(_ needsDrawing: Bool) {
+        logger.info("needs drawing: \(needsDrawing)")
+        glView.needsDrawing = needsDrawing
+    }
+
+    func command(
+        _ command: String,
+        args: [String?] = [],
+        checkForErrors: Bool = true,
+        returnValueCallback: ((Int32) -> Void)? = nil
+    ) {
+        guard mpv != nil else {
+            return
+        }
+        var cargs = makeCArgs(command, args).map { $0.flatMap { UnsafePointer<CChar>(strdup($0)) } }
+        defer {
+            for ptr in cargs where ptr != nil {
+                free(UnsafeMutablePointer(mutating: ptr!))
+            }
+        }
+        logger.info("\(command) -- \(args)")
+        let returnValue = mpv_command(mpv, &cargs)
+        if checkForErrors {
+            checkError(returnValue)
+        }
+        if let cb = returnValueCallback {
+            cb(returnValue)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func setFlagAsync(_ name: String, _ flag: Bool) {
+        var data: Int = flag ? 1 : 0
+        mpv_set_property_async(mpv, 0, name, MPV_FORMAT_FLAG, &data)
+    }
+
+    private func getDouble(_ name: String) -> Double {
+        var data = Double()
+        mpv_get_property(mpv, name, MPV_FORMAT_DOUBLE, &data)
+        return data
+    }
+
+    private func makeCArgs(_ command: String, _ args: [String?]) -> [String?] {
+        if !args.isEmpty, args.last == nil {
+            fatalError("Command do not need a nil suffix")
+        }
+
+        var strArgs = args
+        strArgs.insert(command, at: 0)
+        strArgs.append(nil)
+
+        return strArgs
+    }
+
+    func checkError(_ status: CInt) {
+        if status < 0 {
+            logger.error(.init(stringLiteral: "MPV API error: \(String(cString: mpv_error_string(status)))\n"))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+private func getProcAddress(_: UnsafeMutableRawPointer?, _ name: UnsafePointer<Int8>?) -> UnsafeMutableRawPointer? {
+    let symbolName = CFStringCreateWithCString(kCFAllocatorDefault, name, CFStringBuiltInEncodings.ASCII.rawValue)
+    let addr = CFBundleGetFunctionPointerForName(CFBundleGetBundleWithIdentifier("com.apple.opengles" as CFString), symbolName)
+
+    return addr
+}
+
+private func glUpdate(_ ctx: UnsafeMutableRawPointer?) {
+    let glView = unsafeBitCast(ctx, to: MPVOGLView.self)
+
+    guard glView.needsDrawing else {
+        return
+    }
+
+    DispatchQueue.main.async {
+        glView.setNeedsDisplay()
+    }
+}
+
+private func wakeUp(_ context: UnsafeMutableRawPointer?) {
+    let client = unsafeBitCast(context, to: MPVClient.self)
+    client.readEvents()
+}

Model/Player/Backends/PlayerBackend.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import CoreMedia
+import Defaults
+import Foundation
+
+protocol PlayerBackend {
+    var model: PlayerModel! { get set }
+    var controls: PlayerControlsModel! { get set }
+
+    var stream: Stream? { get set }
+    var video: Video? { get set }
+    var currentTime: CMTime? { get }
+
+    var loadedVideo: Bool { get }
+    var isLoadingVideo: Bool { get }
+
+    var isPlaying: Bool { get }
+    var playerItemDuration: CMTime? { get }
+
+    func bestPlayable(_ streams: [Stream]) -> Stream?
+    func canPlay(_ stream: Stream) -> Bool
+
+    func playStream(
+        _ stream: Stream,
+        of video: Video,
+        preservingTime: Bool,
+        upgrading: Bool
+    )
+
+    func play()
+    func pause()
+    func togglePlay()
+
+    func stop()
+
+    func seek(to time: CMTime, completionHandler: ((Bool) -> Void)?)
+    func seek(to seconds: Double, completionHandler: ((Bool) -> Void)?)
+    func seek(relative time: CMTime, completionHandler: ((Bool) -> Void)?)
+
+    func setRate(_ rate: Float)
+
+    func closeItem()
+
+    func enterFullScreen()
+    func exitFullScreen()
+
+    func closePiP(wasPlaying: Bool)
+
+    func updateControls()
+    func startControlsUpdates()
+    func stopControlsUpdates()
+
+    func setNeedsDrawing(_ needsDrawing: Bool)
+}
+
+extension PlayerBackend {
+    func seek(to time: CMTime, completionHandler: ((Bool) -> Void)? = nil) {
+        seek(to: time, completionHandler: completionHandler)
+    }
+
+    func seek(to seconds: Double, completionHandler: ((Bool) -> Void)? = nil) {
+        seek(to: .secondsInDefaultTimescale(seconds), completionHandler: completionHandler)
+    }
+
+    func seek(relative time: CMTime, completionHandler: ((Bool) -> Void)? = nil) {
+        seek(relative: time, completionHandler: completionHandler)
+    }
+}

Model/Player/Backends/PlayerBackendType.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import Defaults
+import Foundation
+
+enum PlayerBackendType: String, CaseIterable, Defaults.Serializable {
+    case mpv
+    case appleAVPlayer
+
+    var label: String {
+        switch self {
+        case .mpv:
+            return "MPV"
+        case .appleAVPlayer:
+            return "AVPlayer"
+        }
+    }
+}

Model/Player/PlayerControlsModel.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+import CoreMedia
+import Foundation
+import SwiftUI
+
+final class PlayerControlsModel: ObservableObject {
+    @Published var isLoadingVideo = true
+    @Published var isPlaying = true
+    @Published var currentTime = CMTime.zero
+    @Published var duration = CMTime.zero
+    @Published var presentingControls = false { didSet { handlePresentationChange() } }
+    @Published var timer: Timer?
+    @Published var playingFullscreen = false
+
+    var player: PlayerModel!
+
+    var playbackTime: String {
+        guard let current = currentTime.seconds.formattedAsPlaybackTime(),
+              let duration = duration.seconds.formattedAsPlaybackTime()
+        else {
+            return "--:-- / --:--"
+        }
+
+        var withoutSegments = ""
+        if let withoutSegmentsDuration = playerItemDurationWithoutSponsorSegments,
+           self.duration.seconds != withoutSegmentsDuration
+        {
+            withoutSegments = " (\(withoutSegmentsDuration.formattedAsPlaybackTime() ?? "--:--"))"
+        }
+
+        return "\(current) / \(duration)\(withoutSegments)"
+    }
+
+    var playerItemDurationWithoutSponsorSegments: Double? {
+        guard let duration = player.playerItemDurationWithoutSponsorSegments else {
+            return nil
+        }
+
+        return duration.seconds
+    }
+
+    func handlePresentationChange() {
+        if presentingControls {
+            DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
+                self?.player.backend.startControlsUpdates()
+                self?.resetTimer()
+            }
+        } else {
+            player.backend.stopControlsUpdates()
+            timer?.invalidate()
+            timer = nil
+        }
+    }
+
+    func show() {
+        withAnimation(PlayerControls.animation) {
+            player.backend.updateControls()
+            presentingControls = true
+        }
+    }
+
+    func hide() {
+        withAnimation(PlayerControls.animation) {
+            presentingControls = false
+        }
+    }
+
+    func toggle() {
+        withAnimation(PlayerControls.animation) {
+            if !presentingControls {
+                player.backend.updateControls()
+            }
+
+            presentingControls.toggle()
+        }
+    }
+
+    func toggleFullscreen(_ value: Bool) {
+        withAnimation(Animation.easeOut) {
+            resetTimer()
+            withAnimation(PlayerControls.animation) {
+                playingFullscreen = !value
+            }
+
+            if playingFullscreen {
+                guard !(UIApplication.shared.windows.first?.windowScene?.interfaceOrientation.isLandscape ?? true) else {
+                    return
+                }
+                Orientation.lockOrientation(.landscape, andRotateTo: .landscapeRight)
+            } else {
+                Orientation.lockOrientation(.allButUpsideDown, andRotateTo: .portrait)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    func reset() {
+        currentTime = .zero
+        duration = .zero
+    }
+
+    func resetTimer() {
+        removeTimer()
+        timer = Timer.scheduledTimer(withTimeInterval: 5.0, repeats: false) { _ in
+            withAnimation(PlayerControls.animation) { [weak self] in
+                self?.presentingControls = false
+                self?.player.backend.stopControlsUpdates()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    func removeTimer() {
+        timer?.invalidate()
+        timer = nil
+    }
+}

Model/Player/PlayerModel.swift

@@ -16,18 +16,35 @@ import SwiftyJSON
 
 final class PlayerModel: ObservableObject {
     static let availableRates: [Float] = [0.5, 0.67, 0.8, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2]
-    static let assetKeysToLoad = ["tracks", "playable", "duration"]
     let logger = Logger(label: "stream.yattee.app")
 
-    private(set) var player = AVPlayer()
-    var playerView = Player()
-    var controller: PlayerViewController?
+    var avPlayerView = AVPlayerView()
     var playerItem: AVPlayerItem?
 
-    @Published var presentingPlayer = false { didSet { handlePresentationChange() } }
+    var mpvPlayerView = MPVPlayerView()
 
+    @Published var presentingPlayer = false { didSet { handlePresentationChange() } }
+    @Published var activeBackend = PlayerBackendType.mpv
+
+    var avPlayerBackend: AVPlayerBackend!
+    var mpvBackend: MPVBackend!
+
+    var backends: [PlayerBackend] {
+        [avPlayerBackend, mpvBackend]
+    }
+
+    var backend: PlayerBackend! {
+        switch activeBackend {
+        case .mpv:
+            return mpvBackend
+        case .appleAVPlayer:
+            return avPlayerBackend
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Published var playerSize: CGSize = .zero
     @Published var stream: Stream?
-    @Published var currentRate: Float = 1.0 { didSet { player.rate = currentRate } }
+    @Published var currentRate: Float = 1.0 { didSet { backend.setRate(currentRate) } }
 
     @Published var availableStreams = [Stream]() { didSet { handleAvailableStreamsChange() } }
     @Published var streamSelection: Stream? { didSet { rebuildTVMenu() } }
@@ -53,24 +70,15 @@ final class PlayerModel: ObservableObject {
 
     var accounts: AccountsModel
     var comments: CommentsModel
-
-    var asset: AVURLAsset?
-    var composition = AVMutableComposition()
-    var loadedCompositionAssets = [AVMediaType]()
-
+    var controls: PlayerControlsModel { didSet {
+        backends.forEach { backend in
+            var backend = backend
+            backend.controls = controls
+        }
+    }}
     var context: NSManagedObjectContext = PersistenceController.shared.container.viewContext
 
-    private var currentArtwork: MPMediaItemArtwork?
-    private var frequentTimeObserver: Any?
-    private var infrequentTimeObserver: Any?
-    private var playerTimeControlStatusObserver: Any?
-
-    private var statusObservation: NSKeyValueObservation?
-
-    private var timeObserverThrottle = Throttle(interval: 2)
-
-    var playingInPictureInPicture = false
-    var playingFullscreen = false
+    @Published var playingInPictureInPicture = false
 
     @Published var presentingErrorDetails = false
     var playerError: Error? { didSet {
@@ -89,13 +97,15 @@ final class PlayerModel: ObservableObject {
         @Default(.closePiPAndOpenPlayerOnEnteringForeground) var closePiPAndOpenPlayerOnEnteringForeground
     #endif
 
-    init(accounts: AccountsModel? = nil, comments: CommentsModel? = nil) {
+    init(accounts: AccountsModel? = nil, comments: CommentsModel? = nil, controls: PlayerControlsModel? = nil) {
         self.accounts = accounts ?? AccountsModel()
         self.comments = comments ?? CommentsModel()
+        self.controls = controls ?? PlayerControlsModel()
 
-        addFrequentTimeObserver()
-        addInfrequentTimeObserver()
-        addPlayerTimeControlStatusObserver()
+        self.avPlayerBackend = AVPlayerBackend(model: self, controls: controls)
+        self.mpvBackend = MPVBackend(model: self)
+
+        self.activeBackend = Defaults[.activeBackend]
     }
 
     func show() {
@@ -137,11 +147,25 @@ final class PlayerModel: ObservableObject {
             return false
         }
 
-        return player.currentItem == nil || time == nil || !time!.isValid
+        return backend.isLoadingVideo
     }
 
     var isPlaying: Bool {
-        player.timeControlStatus == .playing
+        backend.isPlaying
+    }
+
+    var playerItemDuration: CMTime? {
+        backend.playerItemDuration
+    }
+
+    var playerItemDurationWithoutSponsorSegments: CMTime? {
+        (backend.playerItemDuration ?? .zero) - .secondsInDefaultTimescale(
+            sponsorBlock.segments.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.duration }
+        )
+    }
+
+    var videoDuration: TimeInterval? {
+        currentItem?.duration ?? currentVideo?.length ?? playerItemDuration?.seconds
     }
 
     var time: CMTime? {
@@ -152,32 +176,16 @@ final class PlayerModel: ObservableObject {
         currentVideo?.live ?? false
     }
 
-    var playerItemDuration: CMTime? {
-        player.currentItem?.asset.duration
-    }
-
-    var videoDuration: TimeInterval? {
-        currentItem?.duration ?? currentVideo?.length ?? player.currentItem?.asset.duration.seconds
-    }
-
     func togglePlay() {
-        isPlaying ? pause() : play()
+        backend.togglePlay()
     }
 
     func play() {
-        guard player.timeControlStatus != .playing else {
-            return
-        }
-
-        player.play()
+        backend.play()
     }
 
     func pause() {
-        guard player.timeControlStatus != .paused else {
-            return
-        }
-
-        player.pause()
+        backend.pause()
     }
 
     func play(_ video: Video, at time: TimeInterval? = nil, inNavigationView: Bool = false) {
@@ -208,28 +216,37 @@ final class PlayerModel: ObservableObject {
                 self?.sponsorBlock.loadSegments(
                     videoID: video.videoID,
                     categories: Defaults[.sponsorBlockCategories]
+                ) {
+                    if Defaults[.showChannelSubscribers] {
+                        self?.loadCurrentItemChannelDetails()
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        controls.reset()
+
+        backend.playStream(
+            stream,
+            of: video,
+            preservingTime: preservingTime,
+            upgrading: upgrading
         )
     }
+
+    func saveTime(completionHandler: @escaping () -> Void = {}) {
+        guard let currentTime = backend.currentTime, currentTime.seconds > 0 else {
+            return
         }
 
-        if let url = stream.singleAssetURL {
-            logger.info("playing stream with one asset\(stream.kind == .hls ? " (HLS)" : ""): \(url)")
-            loadSingleAsset(url, stream: stream, of: video, preservingTime: preservingTime)
-        } else {
-            logger.info("playing stream with many assets:")
-            logger.info("composition audio asset: \(stream.audioAsset.url)")
-            logger.info("composition video asset: \(stream.videoAsset.url)")
-
-            loadComposition(stream, of: video, preservingTime: preservingTime)
-        }
-
-        if !upgrading {
-            updateCurrentArtwork()
+        DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
+            self?.preservedTime = currentTime
+            completionHandler()
         }
     }
 
-    func upgradeToStream(_ stream: Stream) {
-        if !self.stream.isNil, self.stream != stream {
+    func upgradeToStream(_ stream: Stream, force: Bool = false) {
+        if !self.stream.isNil, force || self.stream != stream {
             playStream(stream, of: currentVideo!, preservingTime: true, upgrading: true)
         }
     }
@@ -254,6 +271,9 @@ final class PlayerModel: ObservableObject {
     }
 
     private func handlePresentationChange() {
+        backend.setNeedsDrawing(presentingPlayer)
+        controls.hide()
+
         if presentingPlayer, closePiPOnOpeningPlayer, playingInPictureInPicture {
             DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.5) { [weak self] in
                 self?.closePiP()
@@ -266,7 +286,7 @@ final class PlayerModel: ObservableObject {
             }
         }
 
-        if !presentingPlayer, !pauseOnHidingPlayer, isPlaying {
+        if !presentingPlayer, !pauseOnHidingPlayer, backend.isPlaying {
             DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 1) { [weak self] in
                 self?.play()
             }
@@ -281,423 +301,49 @@ final class PlayerModel: ObservableObject {
         }
     }
 
-    private func insertPlayerItem(
-        _ stream: Stream,
-        for video: Video,
-        preservingTime: Bool = false
-    ) {
-        removeItemDidPlayToEndTimeObserver()
+    func changeActiveBackend(from: PlayerBackendType, to: PlayerBackendType) {
+        Defaults[.activeBackend] = to
+        self.activeBackend = to
 
-        playerItem = playerItem(stream)
-        guard playerItem != nil else {
+        guard var stream = stream else {
             return
         }
 
-        addItemDidPlayToEndTimeObserver()
-        attachMetadata(to: playerItem!, video: video, for: stream)
+        inactiveBackends().forEach { $0.pause() }
 
-        DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
-            guard let self = self else {
+        let fromBackend: PlayerBackend = from == .appleAVPlayer ? avPlayerBackend : mpvBackend
+        let toBackend: PlayerBackend = to == .appleAVPlayer ? avPlayerBackend : mpvBackend
+
+        if let stream = toBackend.stream, toBackend.video == fromBackend.video {
+            toBackend.seek(to: fromBackend.currentTime?.seconds ?? .zero) { finished in
+                guard finished else {
                     return
                 }
+                toBackend.play()
+            }
 
             self.stream = stream
-            self.composition = AVMutableComposition()
-            self.asset = nil
-        }
+            streamSelection = stream
 
-        let startPlaying = {
-            #if !os(macOS)
-                try? AVAudioSession.sharedInstance().setActive(true)
-            #endif
-
-            if self.isAutoplaying(self.playerItem!) {
-                DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.3) { [weak self] in
-                    guard let self = self else {
             return
         }
 
-                    if !preservingTime,
-                       let segment = self.sponsorBlock.segments.first,
-                       segment.start < 3,
-                       self.lastSkipped.isNil
-                    {
-                        self.player.seek(
-                            to: segment.endTime,
-                            toleranceBefore: .secondsInDefaultTimescale(1),
-                            toleranceAfter: .zero
-                        ) { finished in
-                            guard finished else {
+        if !backend.canPlay(stream) {
+            guard let preferredStream = preferredStream(availableStreams) else {
                 return
             }
 
-                            self.lastSkipped = segment
-                            self.play()
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        self.play()
-                    }
+            stream = preferredStream
+            streamSelection = preferredStream
         }
+
+        DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.5) { [weak self] in
+            self?.upgradeToStream(stream, force: true)
         }
     }
 
-        let replaceItemAndSeek = {
-            guard video == self.currentVideo else {
-                return
-            }
-            self.player.replaceCurrentItem(with: self.playerItem)
-            self.seekToPreservedTime { finished in
-                guard finished else {
-                    return
-                }
-                self.preservedTime = nil
-
-                startPlaying()
-            }
-        }
-
-        if preservingTime {
-            if preservedTime.isNil {
-                saveTime {
-                    replaceItemAndSeek()
-                    startPlaying()
-                }
-            } else {
-                replaceItemAndSeek()
-                startPlaying()
-            }
-        } else {
-            player.replaceCurrentItem(with: playerItem)
-            startPlaying()
-        }
-    }
-
-    private func loadSingleAsset(
-        _ url: URL,
-        stream: Stream,
-        of video: Video,
-        preservingTime: Bool = false
-    ) {
-        asset?.cancelLoading()
-        asset = AVURLAsset(url: url)
-        asset?.loadValuesAsynchronously(forKeys: Self.assetKeysToLoad) { [weak self] in
-            var error: NSError?
-
-            switch self?.asset?.statusOfValue(forKey: "duration", error: &error) {
-            case .loaded:
-                DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
-                    self?.insertPlayerItem(stream, for: video, preservingTime: preservingTime)
-                }
-            case .failed:
-                DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
-                    self?.playerError = error
-                }
-            default:
-                return
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private func loadComposition(
-        _ stream: Stream,
-        of video: Video,
-        preservingTime: Bool = false
-    ) {
-        loadedCompositionAssets = []
-        loadCompositionAsset(stream.audioAsset, stream: stream, type: .audio, of: video, preservingTime: preservingTime)
-        loadCompositionAsset(stream.videoAsset, stream: stream, type: .video, of: video, preservingTime: preservingTime)
-    }
-
-    private func loadCompositionAsset(
-        _ asset: AVURLAsset,
-        stream: Stream,
-        type: AVMediaType,
-        of video: Video,
-        preservingTime: Bool = false
-    ) {
-        asset.loadValuesAsynchronously(forKeys: Self.assetKeysToLoad) { [weak self] in
-            guard let self = self else {
-                return
-            }
-            self.logger.info("loading \(type.rawValue) track")
-
-            let assetTracks = asset.tracks(withMediaType: type)
-
-            guard let compositionTrack = self.composition.addMutableTrack(
-                withMediaType: type,
-                preferredTrackID: kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid
-            ) else {
-                self.logger.critical("composition \(type.rawValue) addMutableTrack FAILED")
-                return
-            }
-
-            guard let assetTrack = assetTracks.first else {
-                self.logger.critical("asset \(type.rawValue) track FAILED")
-                return
-            }
-
-            try! compositionTrack.insertTimeRange(
-                CMTimeRange(start: .zero, duration: CMTime.secondsInDefaultTimescale(video.length)),
-                of: assetTrack,
-                at: .zero
-            )
-
-            self.logger.critical("\(type.rawValue) LOADED")
-
-            guard self.streamSelection == stream else {
-                self.logger.critical("IGNORING LOADED")
-                return
-            }
-
-            self.loadedCompositionAssets.append(type)
-
-            if self.loadedCompositionAssets.count == 2 {
-                self.insertPlayerItem(stream, for: video, preservingTime: preservingTime)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private func playerItem(_: Stream) -> AVPlayerItem? {
-        if let asset = asset {
-            return AVPlayerItem(asset: asset)
-        } else {
-            return AVPlayerItem(asset: composition)
-        }
-    }
-
-    private func attachMetadata(to item: AVPlayerItem, video: Video, for _: Stream? = nil) {
-        #if !os(macOS)
-            var externalMetadata = [
-                makeMetadataItem(.commonIdentifierTitle, value: video.title),
-                makeMetadataItem(.quickTimeMetadataGenre, value: video.genre ?? ""),
-                makeMetadataItem(.commonIdentifierDescription, value: video.description ?? "")
-            ]
-            if let thumbnailData = try? Data(contentsOf: video.thumbnailURL(quality: .medium)!),
-               let image = UIImage(data: thumbnailData),
-               let pngData = image.pngData()
-            {
-                let artworkItem = makeMetadataItem(.commonIdentifierArtwork, value: pngData)
-                externalMetadata.append(artworkItem)
-            }
-
-            item.externalMetadata = externalMetadata
-        #endif
-
-        item.preferredForwardBufferDuration = 5
-
-        observePlayerItemStatus(item)
-    }
-
-    private func observePlayerItemStatus(_ item: AVPlayerItem) {
-        statusObservation?.invalidate()
-        statusObservation = item.observe(\.status, options: [.old, .new]) { [weak self] playerItem, _ in
-            guard let self = self else {
-                return
-            }
-
-            switch playerItem.status {
-            case .readyToPlay:
-                if self.isAutoplaying(playerItem) {
-                    self.play()
-                }
-            case .failed:
-                self.playerError = item.error
-
-            default:
-                return
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    #if !os(macOS)
-        private func makeMetadataItem(_ identifier: AVMetadataIdentifier, value: Any) -> AVMetadataItem {
-            let item = AVMutableMetadataItem()
-
-            item.identifier = identifier
-            item.value = value as? NSCopying & NSObjectProtocol
-            item.extendedLanguageTag = "und"
-
-            return item.copy() as! AVMetadataItem
-        }
-    #endif
-
-    private func addItemDidPlayToEndTimeObserver() {
-        NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
-            self,
-            selector: #selector(itemDidPlayToEndTime),
-            name: NSNotification.Name.AVPlayerItemDidPlayToEndTime,
-            object: playerItem
-        )
-    }
-
-    private func removeItemDidPlayToEndTimeObserver() {
-        NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(
-            self,
-            name: NSNotification.Name.AVPlayerItemDidPlayToEndTime,
-            object: playerItem
-        )
-    }
-
-    @objc func itemDidPlayToEndTime() {
-        prepareCurrentItemForHistory(finished: true)
-
-        if queue.isEmpty {
-            #if !os(macOS)
-                try? AVAudioSession.sharedInstance().setActive(false)
-            #endif
-            resetQueue()
-            #if os(tvOS)
-                controller?.playerView.dismiss(animated: false) { [weak self] in
-                    self?.controller?.dismiss(animated: true)
-                }
-            #endif
-        } else {
-            advanceToNextItem()
-        }
-    }
-
-    private func saveTime(completionHandler: @escaping () -> Void = {}) {
-        let currentTime = player.currentTime()
-
-        guard currentTime.seconds > 0 else {
-            return
-        }
-
-        DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
-            self?.preservedTime = currentTime
-            completionHandler()
-        }
-    }
-
-    private func seekToPreservedTime(completionHandler: @escaping (Bool) -> Void = { _ in }) {
-        guard let time = preservedTime else {
-            return
-        }
-
-        player.seek(
-            to: time,
-            toleranceBefore: .secondsInDefaultTimescale(1),
-            toleranceAfter: .zero,
-            completionHandler: completionHandler
-        )
-    }
-
-    private func addFrequentTimeObserver() {
-        let interval = CMTime.secondsInDefaultTimescale(0.5)
-
-        frequentTimeObserver = player.addPeriodicTimeObserver(
-            forInterval: interval,
-            queue: .main
-        ) { [weak self] _ in
-            guard let self = self else {
-                return
-            }
-
-            guard !self.currentItem.isNil else {
-                return
-            }
-
-            #if !os(tvOS)
-                self.updateNowPlayingInfo()
-            #endif
-
-            self.handleSegments(at: self.player.currentTime())
-        }
-    }
-
-    private func addInfrequentTimeObserver() {
-        let interval = CMTime.secondsInDefaultTimescale(5)
-
-        infrequentTimeObserver = player.addPeriodicTimeObserver(
-            forInterval: interval,
-            queue: .main
-        ) { [weak self] _ in
-            guard let self = self else {
-                return
-            }
-
-            guard !self.currentItem.isNil else {
-                return
-            }
-
-            self.timeObserverThrottle.execute {
-                self.updateWatch()
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private func addPlayerTimeControlStatusObserver() {
-        playerTimeControlStatusObserver = player.observe(\.timeControlStatus) { [weak self] player, _ in
-            guard let self = self,
-                  self.player == player
-            else {
-                return
-            }
-
-            if player.timeControlStatus != .waitingToPlayAtSpecifiedRate {
-                self.objectWillChange.send()
-            }
-
-            if player.timeControlStatus == .playing, player.rate != self.currentRate {
-                player.rate = self.currentRate
-            }
-
-            #if os(macOS)
-                if player.timeControlStatus == .playing {
-                    ScreenSaverManager.shared.disable(reason: "Yattee is playing video")
-                } else {
-                    ScreenSaverManager.shared.enable()
-                }
-            #endif
-
-            self.timeObserverThrottle.execute {
-                self.updateWatch()
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fileprivate func updateNowPlayingInfo() {
-        var nowPlayingInfo: [String: AnyObject] = [
-            MPMediaItemPropertyTitle: currentItem.video.title as AnyObject,
-            MPMediaItemPropertyArtist: currentItem.video.author as AnyObject,
-            MPNowPlayingInfoPropertyIsLiveStream: currentItem.video.live as AnyObject,
-            MPNowPlayingInfoPropertyElapsedPlaybackTime: player.currentTime().seconds as AnyObject,
-            MPNowPlayingInfoPropertyPlaybackQueueCount: queue.count as AnyObject,
-            MPMediaItemPropertyMediaType: MPMediaType.anyVideo.rawValue as AnyObject
-        ]
-
-        if !currentArtwork.isNil {
-            nowPlayingInfo[MPMediaItemPropertyArtwork] = currentArtwork as AnyObject
-        }
-
-        if !currentItem.video.live {
-            let itemDuration = currentItem.videoDuration ?? currentItem.duration
-            let duration = itemDuration.isFinite ? Double(itemDuration) : nil
-
-            if !duration.isNil {
-                nowPlayingInfo[MPMediaItemPropertyPlaybackDuration] = duration as AnyObject
-            }
-        }
-
-        MPNowPlayingInfoCenter.default().nowPlayingInfo = nowPlayingInfo
-    }
-
-    private func updateCurrentArtwork() {
-        guard let thumbnailData = try? Data(contentsOf: currentItem.video.thumbnailURL(quality: .medium)!) else {
-            return
-        }
-
-        #if os(macOS)
-            let image = NSImage(data: thumbnailData)
-        #else
-            let image = UIImage(data: thumbnailData)
-        #endif
-
-        if image.isNil {
-            return
-        }
-
-        currentArtwork = MPMediaItemArtwork(boundsSize: image!.size) { _ in image! }
+    private func inactiveBackends() -> [PlayerBackend] {
+        [activeBackend == PlayerBackendType.mpv ? avPlayerBackend : mpvBackend]
     }
 
     func rateLabel(_ rate: Float) -> String {
@@ -711,7 +357,8 @@ final class PlayerModel: ObservableObject {
     func closeCurrentItem() {
         prepareCurrentItemForHistory()
         currentItem = nil
-        player.replaceCurrentItem(with: nil)
+
+        backend.closeItem()
     }
 
     func closePiP() {
@@ -726,46 +373,9 @@ final class PlayerModel: ObservableObject {
             show()
         #endif
 
-        doClosePiP(wasPlaying: wasPlaying)
+        backend.closePiP(wasPlaying: wasPlaying)
     }
 
-    #if os(tvOS)
-        private func doClosePiP(wasPlaying: Bool) {
-            let item = player.currentItem
-            let time = player.currentTime()
-
-            self.player.replaceCurrentItem(with: nil)
-
-            guard !item.isNil else {
-                return
-            }
-
-            self.player.seek(to: time)
-            self.player.replaceCurrentItem(with: item)
-
-            guard wasPlaying else {
-                return
-            }
-
-            DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 1) { [weak self] in
-                self?.play()
-            }
-        }
-    #else
-        private func doClosePiP(wasPlaying: Bool) {
-            controller?.playerView.player = nil
-            controller?.playerView.player = player
-
-            guard wasPlaying else {
-                return
-            }
-
-            DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.5) { [weak self] in
-                self?.play()
-            }
-        }
-    #endif
-
     func handleCurrentItemChange() {
         #if os(macOS)
             Windows.player.window?.title = windowTitle
@@ -789,25 +399,23 @@ final class PlayerModel: ObservableObject {
         }
 
         func enterFullScreen() {
-            guard !playingFullscreen else {
+            guard !controls.playingFullscreen else {
                 return
             }
 
             logger.info("entering fullscreen")
 
-            controller?.playerView
-                .perform(NSSelectorFromString("enterFullScreenAnimated:completionHandler:"), with: false, with: nil)
+            backend.enterFullScreen()
         }
 
         func exitFullScreen() {
-            guard playingFullscreen else {
+            guard controls.playingFullscreen else {
                 return
             }
 
             logger.info("exiting fullscreen")
 
-            controller?.playerView
-                .perform(NSSelectorFromString("exitFullScreenAnimated:completionHandler:"), with: false, with: nil)
+            backend.exitFullScreen()
         }
     #endif
 }

Model/Player/PlayerQueue.swift

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ extension PlayerModel {
 
     func playItem(_ item: PlayerQueueItem, video: Video? = nil, at time: TimeInterval? = nil) {
         if !playingInPictureInPicture {
-            player.replaceCurrentItem(with: nil)
+            backend.closeItem()
         }
 
         comments.reset()
@@ -92,13 +92,13 @@ extension PlayerModel {
             streams = streams.filter { $0.instance.id == id }
         }
 
+        streams = streams.filter { backend.canPlay($0) }
+
         switch quality {
         case .best:
-            return streams.first { $0.kind == .hls } ??
-                streams.filter { $0.kind == .stream }.max { $0.resolution < $1.resolution } ??
-                streams.first
+            return backend.bestPlayable(streams)
         default:
-            let sorted = streams.filter { $0.kind != .hls }.sorted { $0.resolution > $1.resolution }
+            let sorted = streams.filter { $0.kind != .hls }.sorted { $0.resolution > $1.resolution }.sorted { $0.kind < $1.kind }
             return sorted.first(where: { $0.resolution.height <= quality.value.height })
         }
     }
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ extension PlayerModel {
         remove(newItem)
 
         currentItem = newItem
-        player.pause()
+        pause()
 
         accounts.api.loadDetails(newItem) { newItem in
             self.playItem(newItem, video: newItem.video, at: time)
@@ -143,11 +143,7 @@ extension PlayerModel {
             self.removeQueueItems()
         }
 
-        player.replaceCurrentItem(with: nil)
-    }
-
-    func isAutoplaying(_ item: AVPlayerItem) -> Bool {
-        player.currentItem == item
+        backend.closeItem()
     }
 
     @discardableResult func enqueueVideo(
@@ -162,7 +158,7 @@ extension PlayerModel {
         if play {
             currentItem = item
             // pause playing current video as it's going to be replaced with next one
-            player.pause()
+            pause()
         }
 
         queue.insert(item, at: prepending ? 0 : queue.endIndex)

Model/Player/PlayerSponsorBlock.swift

@@ -38,9 +38,12 @@ extension PlayerModel {
             return
         }
 
-        player.seek(to: segment.endTime)
-        lastSkipped = segment
-        segmentRestorationTime = time
+        backend.seek(to: segment.endTime)
+
+        DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
+            self?.lastSkipped = segment
+            self?.segmentRestorationTime = time
+        }
         logger.info("SponsorBlock skipping to: \(segment.end)")
     }
 
@@ -63,13 +66,15 @@ extension PlayerModel {
         }
 
         restoredSegments.append(segment)
-        player.seek(to: time)
+        backend.seek(to: time)
         resetLastSegment()
     }
 
     private func resetLastSegment() {
-        lastSkipped = nil
-        segmentRestorationTime = nil
+        DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
+            self?.lastSkipped = nil
+            self?.segmentRestorationTime = nil
+        }
     }
 
     func resetSegments() {

Model/Segment.swift

@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ class Segment: ObservableObject, Hashable {
         segment.last!
     }
 
+    var duration: Double {
+        end - start
+    }
+
     var endTime: CMTime {
         CMTime(seconds: end, preferredTimescale: 1000)
     }

Model/Stream.swift

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import Foundation
 // swiftlint:disable:next final_class
 class Stream: Equatable, Hashable, Identifiable {
     enum Resolution: String, CaseIterable, Comparable, Defaults.Serializable {
-        case hd1440p60, hd1440p, hd1080p60, hd1080p, hd720p60, hd720p, sd480p, sd360p, sd240p, sd144p, unknown
+        case hd2160p, hd1440p60, hd1440p, hd1080p60, hd1080p, hd720p60, hd720p, sd480p, sd360p, sd240p, sd144p, unknown
 
         var name: String {
             "\(height)p\(refreshRate != -1 ? ", \(refreshRate) fps" : "")"
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ class Stream: Equatable, Hashable, Identifiable {
     var kind: Kind!
 
     var encoding: String!
+    var videoFormat: String!
 
     init(
         instance: Instance? = nil,
@@ -76,7 +77,8 @@ class Stream: Equatable, Hashable, Identifiable {
         hlsURL: URL? = nil,
         resolution: Resolution? = nil,
         kind: Kind = .hls,
-        encoding: String? = nil
+        encoding: String? = nil,
+        videoFormat: String? = nil
     ) {
         self.instance = instance
         self.audioAsset = audioAsset
@@ -85,14 +87,35 @@ class Stream: Equatable, Hashable, Identifiable {
         self.resolution = resolution
         self.kind = kind
         self.encoding = encoding
+        self.videoFormat = videoFormat
     }
 
     var quality: String {
-        kind == .hls ? "adaptive (HLS)" : "\(resolution.name) \(kind == .stream ? "(\(kind.rawValue))" : "")"
+        if resolution == .hd2160p {
+            return "4K (2160p)"
+        }
+
+        return kind == .hls ? "adaptive (HLS)" : "\(resolution.name)\(kind == .stream ? " (\(kind.rawValue))" : "")"
+    }
+
+    var format: String {
+        let lowercasedFormat = (videoFormat ?? "unknown").lowercased()
+        if lowercasedFormat.contains("webm") {
+            return "WEBM"
+        } else if lowercasedFormat.contains("avc1") {
+            return "avc1"
+        } else if lowercasedFormat.contains("av01") {
+            return "AV1"
+        } else if lowercasedFormat.contains("mpeg_4") || lowercasedFormat.contains("mp4") {
+            return "MP4"
+        } else {
+            return lowercasedFormat
+        }
     }
 
     var description: String {
-        "\(quality) - \(instance?.description ?? "")"
+        let formatString = format == "unknown" ? "" : " (\(format))"
+        return "\(quality)\(formatString) - \(instance?.description ?? "")"
     }
 
     var assets: [AVURLAsset] {

Shared/Defaults.swift

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ extension Defaults.Keys {
     static let timeOnThumbnail = Key<Bool>("timeOnThumbnail", default: true)
     static let roundedThumbnails = Key<Bool>("roundedThumbnails", default: true)
 
+    static let activeBackend = Key<PlayerBackendType>("activeBackend", default: .mpv)
     static let quality = Key<ResolutionSetting>("quality", default: .best)
     static let playerSidebar = Key<PlayerSidebarSetting>("playerSidebar", default: PlayerSidebarSetting.defaultValue)
     static let playerInstanceID = Key<Instance.ID?>("playerInstance")

Shared/Favorites/FavoritesView.swift

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ struct FavoritesView: View {
     #endif
 
     var body: some View {
-        PlayerControlsView {
+        BrowserPlayerControls {
             ScrollView(.vertical, showsIndicators: false) {
                 if !accounts.current.isNil {
                     #if os(tvOS)

Shared/Navigation/AppSidebarNavigation.swift

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ struct AppSidebarNavigation: View {
                 .frame(minWidth: sidebarMinWidth)
 
             VStack {
-                PlayerControlsView {
+                BrowserPlayerControls {
                     HStack(alignment: .center) {
                         Spacer()
                         Image(systemName: "play.tv")

Shared/Navigation/AppTabNavigation.swift

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ struct AppTabNavigation: View {
     @EnvironmentObject<InstancesModel> private var instances
     @EnvironmentObject<NavigationModel> private var navigation
     @EnvironmentObject<PlayerModel> private var player
+    @EnvironmentObject<PlayerControlsModel> private var playerControls
     @EnvironmentObject<PlaylistsModel> private var playlists
     @EnvironmentObject<RecentsModel> private var recents
     @EnvironmentObject<SearchModel> private var search
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ struct AppTabNavigation: View {
                 .toolbar { toolbarContent }
         }
         .tabItem {
-            Label("Favorites", systemImage: "heart")
+            Label("Favorites", systemImage: "heart.fill")
                 .accessibility(label: Text("Favorites"))
         }
         .tag(TabSelection.favorites)
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ struct AppTabNavigation: View {
                 .toolbar { toolbarContent }
         }
         .tabItem {
-            Label("Popular", systemImage: "arrow.up.right.circle")
+            Label("Popular", systemImage: "arrow.up.right.circle.fill")
                 .accessibility(label: Text("Popular"))
         }
         .tag(TabSelection.popular)
@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ struct AppTabNavigation: View {
                 .toolbar { toolbarContent }
         }
         .tabItem {
-            Label("Trending", systemImage: "chart.bar")
+            Label("Trending", systemImage: "chart.bar.fill")
                 .accessibility(label: Text("Trending"))
         }
         .tag(TabSelection.trending)
@@ -187,6 +188,7 @@ struct AppTabNavigation: View {
             .environmentObject(instances)
             .environmentObject(navigation)
             .environmentObject(player)
+            .environmentObject(playerControls)
             .environmentObject(playlists)
             .environmentObject(recents)
             .environmentObject(subscriptions)

Shared/Navigation/ContentView.swift

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ struct ContentView: View {
     @EnvironmentObject<InstancesModel> private var instances
     @EnvironmentObject<NavigationModel> private var navigation
     @EnvironmentObject<PlayerModel> private var player
+    @EnvironmentObject<PlayerControlsModel> private var playerControls
     @EnvironmentObject<PlaylistsModel> private var playlists
     @EnvironmentObject<RecentsModel> private var recents
     @EnvironmentObject<SearchModel> private var search
@@ -135,9 +136,11 @@ struct ContentView: View {
         menu.accounts = accounts
         menu.navigation = navigation
         menu.player = player
+        playerControls.player = player
 
         player.accounts = accounts
         player.comments = comments
+        player.controls = playerControls
 
         if !accounts.current.isNil {
             player.restoreQueue()

Shared/Player/AVPlayerView.swift

@@ -1,35 +1,25 @@
 import Defaults
 import SwiftUI
 
-struct Player: UIViewControllerRepresentable {
+struct AVPlayerView: UIViewControllerRepresentable {
     @EnvironmentObject<CommentsModel> private var comments
     @EnvironmentObject<NavigationModel> private var navigation
     @EnvironmentObject<PlayerModel> private var player
     @EnvironmentObject<SubscriptionsModel> private var subscriptions
 
-    var controller: PlayerViewController?
-
-    init(controller: PlayerViewController? = nil) {
-        self.controller = controller
-    }
-
-    func makeUIViewController(context _: Context) -> PlayerViewController {
-        if self.controller != nil {
-            return self.controller!
-        }
-
-        let controller = PlayerViewController()
+    func makeUIViewController(context _: Context) -> UIViewController {
+        let controller = AppleAVPlayerViewController()
 
         controller.commentsModel = comments
         controller.navigationModel = navigation
         controller.playerModel = player
         controller.subscriptionsModel = subscriptions
-        player.controller = controller
+        player.avPlayerBackend.controller = controller
 
         return controller
     }
 
-    func updateUIViewController(_: PlayerViewController, context _: Context) {
+    func updateUIViewController(_: UIViewController, context _: Context) {
         player.rebuildTVMenu()
     }
 }

Shared/Player/AVPlayerViewController.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+import AVKit
+import Defaults
+import SwiftUI
+
+final class AppleAVPlayerViewController: UIViewController {
+    var playerLoaded = false
+    var commentsModel: CommentsModel!
+    var navigationModel: NavigationModel!
+    var playerModel: PlayerModel!
+    var subscriptionsModel: SubscriptionsModel!
+    var playerView = AVPlayerViewController()
+
+    let persistenceController = PersistenceController.shared
+
+    #if !os(tvOS)
+        var aspectRatio: Double? {
+            let ratio = Double(playerView.videoBounds.width) / Double(playerView.videoBounds.height)
+
+            guard ratio.isFinite else {
+                return VideoPlayerView.defaultAspectRatio // swiftlint:disable:this implicit_return
+            }
+
+            return [ratio, 1.0].max()!
+        }
+    #endif
+
+    override func viewWillAppear(_ animated: Bool) {
+        super.viewWillAppear(animated)
+
+        loadPlayer()
+
+        #if os(tvOS)
+            if !playerView.isBeingPresented, !playerView.isBeingDismissed {
+                present(playerView, animated: false)
+            }
+        #endif
+    }
+
+    #if os(tvOS)
+        override func viewDidDisappear(_ animated: Bool) {
+            super.viewDidDisappear(animated)
+
+            if !playerModel.presentingPlayer, !Defaults[.pauseOnHidingPlayer], !playerModel.isPlaying {
+                DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.5) { [weak self] in
+                    self?.playerModel.play()
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    #endif
+
+    func loadPlayer() {
+        guard !playerLoaded else {
+            return
+        }
+
+        playerModel.avPlayerBackend.controller = self
+        playerView.player = playerModel.avPlayerBackend.avPlayer
+        playerView.allowsPictureInPicturePlayback = true
+        playerView.showsPlaybackControls = false
+        #if os(iOS)
+            if #available(iOS 14.2, *) {
+                playerView.canStartPictureInPictureAutomaticallyFromInline = true
+            }
+        #endif
+        playerView.delegate = self
+
+        #if os(tvOS)
+            var infoViewControllers = [UIHostingController<AnyView>]()
+            if CommentsModel.enabled {
+                infoViewControllers.append(infoViewController([.comments], title: "Comments"))
+            }
+
+            var queueSections = [NowPlayingView.ViewSection.playingNext]
+            if Defaults[.showHistoryInPlayer] {
+                queueSections.append(.playedPreviously)
+            }
+
+            infoViewControllers.append(contentsOf: [
+                infoViewController([.related], title: "Related"),
+                infoViewController(queueSections, title: "Queue")
+            ])
+
+            playerView.customInfoViewControllers = infoViewControllers
+        #else
+            embedViewController()
+        #endif
+    }
+
+    #if os(tvOS)
+        func infoViewController(
+            _ sections: [NowPlayingView.ViewSection],
+            title: String
+        ) -> UIHostingController<AnyView> {
+            let controller = UIHostingController(rootView:
+                AnyView(
+                    NowPlayingView(sections: sections, inInfoViewController: true)
+                        .frame(maxHeight: 600)
+                        .environmentObject(commentsModel)
+                        .environmentObject(playerModel)
+                        .environmentObject(subscriptionsModel)
+                        .environment(\.managedObjectContext, persistenceController.container.viewContext)
+                )
+            )
+
+            controller.title = title
+
+            return controller
+        }
+    #else
+        func embedViewController() {
+            playerView.view.frame = view.bounds
+
+            addChild(playerView)
+            view.addSubview(playerView.view)
+
+            playerView.didMove(toParent: self)
+        }
+    #endif
+}
+
+extension AppleAVPlayerViewController: AVPlayerViewControllerDelegate {
+    func playerViewControllerShouldDismiss(_: AVPlayerViewController) -> Bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    func playerViewControllerShouldAutomaticallyDismissAtPictureInPictureStart(_: AVPlayerViewController) -> Bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    func playerViewControllerWillBeginDismissalTransition(_: AVPlayerViewController) {
+        if Defaults[.pauseOnHidingPlayer] {
+            playerModel.pause()
+        }
+        dismiss(animated: false)
+    }
+
+    func playerViewControllerDidEndDismissalTransition(_: AVPlayerViewController) {}
+
+    func playerViewController(
+        _: AVPlayerViewController,
+        willBeginFullScreenPresentationWithAnimationCoordinator context: UIViewControllerTransitionCoordinator
+    ) {
+        #if os(iOS)
+            if !context.isCancelled, Defaults[.lockLandscapeWhenEnteringFullscreen] {
+                Orientation.lockOrientation(.landscape, andRotateTo: UIDevice.current.orientation.isLandscape ? nil : .landscapeRight)
+            }
+        #endif
+    }
+
+    func playerViewController(
+        _: AVPlayerViewController,
+        willEndFullScreenPresentationWithAnimationCoordinator coordinator: UIViewControllerTransitionCoordinator
+    ) {
+        let wasPlaying = playerModel.isPlaying
+        coordinator.animate(alongsideTransition: nil) { context in
+            #if os(iOS)
+                if wasPlaying {
+                    self.playerModel.play()
+                }
+            #endif
+            if !context.isCancelled {
+                #if os(iOS)
+                    self.playerModel.lockedOrientation = nil
+                    if Defaults[.enterFullscreenInLandscape] {
+                        Orientation.lockOrientation(.portrait, andRotateTo: .portrait)
+                    }
+
+                    if wasPlaying {
+                        self.playerModel.play()
+                    }
+                #endif
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    func playerViewController(
+        _: AVPlayerViewController,
+        restoreUserInterfaceForPictureInPictureStopWithCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping (Bool) -> Void
+    ) {
+        DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.5) {
+            if self.navigationModel.presentingChannel {
+                self.playerModel.playerNavigationLinkActive = true
+            } else {
+                self.playerModel.show()
+            }
+
+            #if os(tvOS)
+                if self.playerModel.playingInPictureInPicture {
+                    self.present(self.playerView, animated: false) {
+                        completionHandler(true)
+                    }
+                }
+            #else
+                completionHandler(true)
+            #endif
+        }
+    }
+
+    func playerViewControllerWillStartPictureInPicture(_: AVPlayerViewController) {
+        playerModel.playingInPictureInPicture = true
+        playerModel.playerNavigationLinkActive = false
+    }
+
+    func playerViewControllerWillStopPictureInPicture(_: AVPlayerViewController) {
+        playerModel.playingInPictureInPicture = false
+    }
+}

Shared/Player/Controls/PlayerControls.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+import Foundation
+import SwiftUI
+
+struct PlayerControls: View {
+    static let animation = Animation.easeInOut(duration: 0)
+
+    private var player: PlayerModel!
+    @EnvironmentObject<PlayerControlsModel> private var model
+
+    @Environment(\.verticalSizeClass) private var verticalSizeClass
+
+    init(player: PlayerModel) {
+        self.player = player
+    }
+
+    var body: some View {
+        VStack {
+            ZStack(alignment: .bottom) {
+                VStack(spacing: 0) {
+                    Group {
+                        statusBar
+                            .padding(3)
+                        #if os(macOS)
+                            .background(VisualEffectBlur(material: .hudWindow))
+                        #elseif os(iOS)
+                            .background(VisualEffectBlur(blurStyle: .systemThinMaterial))
+                        #endif
+                            .mask(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 3))
+
+                        buttonsBar
+                            .padding(.top, 4)
+                            .padding(.horizontal, 4)
+                    }
+
+                    Spacer()
+
+                    mediumButtonsBar
+
+                    Spacer()
+
+                    timeline
+                        .offset(y: 10)
+                        .zIndex(1)
+
+                    bottomBar
+
+                    #if os(macOS)
+                    .background(VisualEffectBlur(material: .hudWindow))
+                    #elseif os(iOS)
+                    .background(VisualEffectBlur(blurStyle: .systemThinMaterial))
+                    #endif
+                    .mask(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 3))
+                }
+            }
+            .opacity(model.presentingControls ? 1 : 0)
+        }
+        .background(controlsBackground)
+        .environment(\.colorScheme, .dark)
+    }
+
+    var controlsBackground: some View {
+        model.presentingControls ?
+            AnyView(
+                PlayerGestures()
+                    .background(Color.black.opacity(0.5))
+            ) :
+            AnyView(Color.clear)
+    }
+
+    var timeline: some View {
+        TimelineView(duration: durationBinding, current: currentTimeBinding, cornerRadius: 0)
+    }
+
+    var durationBinding: Binding<Double> {
+        Binding<Double>(
+            get: { model.duration.seconds },
+            set: { value in model.duration = .secondsInDefaultTimescale(value) }
+        )
+    }
+
+    var currentTimeBinding: Binding<Double> {
+        Binding<Double>(
+            get: { model.currentTime.seconds },
+            set: { value in model.currentTime = .secondsInDefaultTimescale(value) }
+        )
+    }
+
+    var statusBar: some View {
+        HStack(spacing: 4) {
+            hidePlayerButton
+            Text(playbackStatus)
+            Spacer()
+            ToggleBackendButton()
+            Text("•")
+            StreamControl()
+        }
+        .foregroundColor(.primary)
+        .padding(.trailing, 4)
+        .font(.system(size: 14))
+    }
+
+    private var hidePlayerButton: some View {
+        Button {
+            player.hide()
+        } label: {
+            Image(systemName: "chevron.down.circle.fill")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var playbackStatus: String {
+        if player.live {
+            return "LIVE"
+        }
+
+        guard !player.isLoadingVideo else {
+            return "loading..."
+        }
+
+        let videoLengthAtRate = (player.currentVideo?.length ?? 0) / Double(player.currentRate)
+        let remainingSeconds = videoLengthAtRate - (player.time?.seconds ?? 0)
+
+        if remainingSeconds < 60 {
+            return "less than a minute"
+        }
+
+        let timeFinishAt = Date().addingTimeInterval(remainingSeconds)
+
+        return "ends at \(formattedTimeFinishAt(timeFinishAt))"
+    }
+
+    private func formattedTimeFinishAt(_ date: Date) -> String {
+        let dateFormatter = DateFormatter()
+
+        dateFormatter.dateStyle = .none
+        dateFormatter.timeStyle = .short
+
+        return dateFormatter.string(from: date)
+    }
+
+    var buttonsBar: some View {
+        HStack {
+            fullscreenButton
+            Spacer()
+            button("Music Mode", systemImage: "music.note")
+        }
+    }
+
+    var fullscreenButton: some View {
+        button(
+            "Fullscreen",
+            systemImage: fullScreenLayout ? "arrow.down.right.and.arrow.up.left" : "arrow.up.left.and.arrow.down.right"
+        ) {
+            model.toggleFullscreen(fullScreenLayout)
+        }
+        .keyboardShortcut(fullScreenLayout ? .cancelAction : .defaultAction)
+    }
+
+    var mediumButtonsBar: some View {
+        HStack {
+            button("Seek Backward", systemImage: "gobackward.10", size: 50, cornerRadius: 10) {
+                player.backend.seek(relative: .secondsInDefaultTimescale(-10))
+            }
+            .keyboardShortcut("k")
+
+            Spacer()
+
+            button(
+                model.isPlaying ? "Pause" : "Play",
+                systemImage: model.isPlaying ? "pause.fill" : "play.fill",
+                size: 50,
+                cornerRadius: 10
+            ) {
+                player.backend.togglePlay()
+            }
+            .keyboardShortcut("p")
+            .disabled(model.isLoadingVideo)
+
+            Spacer()
+
+            button("Seek Forward", systemImage: "goforward.10", size: 50, cornerRadius: 10) {
+                player.backend.seek(relative: .secondsInDefaultTimescale(10))
+            }
+            .keyboardShortcut("l")
+        }
+        .font(.system(size: 30))
+        .padding(.horizontal, 4)
+    }
+
+    var bottomBar: some View {
+        HStack {
+            Spacer()
+
+            Text(model.playbackTime)
+        }
+        .font(.system(size: 15))
+        .padding(.horizontal, 5)
+        .padding(.vertical, 3)
+        .labelStyle(.iconOnly)
+        .foregroundColor(.primary)
+    }
+
+    func button(
+        _ label: String,
+        systemImage: String = "arrow.up.left.and.arrow.down.right",
+        size: Double = 30,
+        cornerRadius: Double = 3,
+        action: @escaping () -> Void = {}
+    ) -> some View {
+        Button {
+            action()
+            model.resetTimer()
+        } label: {
+            Label(label, systemImage: systemImage)
+                .labelStyle(.iconOnly)
+                .padding()
+                .contentShape(Rectangle())
+        }
+        .foregroundColor(.primary)
+        .frame(width: size, height: size)
+        #if os(macOS)
+            .background(VisualEffectBlur(material: .hudWindow))
+        #elseif os(iOS)
+            .background(VisualEffectBlur(blurStyle: .systemThinMaterial))
+        #endif
+            .mask(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: cornerRadius))
+    }
+
+    var fullScreenLayout: Bool {
+        model.playingFullscreen || verticalSizeClass == .compact
+    }
+}
+
+struct PlayerControls_Previews: PreviewProvider {
+    static var previews: some View {
+        PlayerControls(player: PlayerModel())
+    }
+}

Shared/Player/Controls/ToggleBackendButton.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import SwiftUI
+
+struct ToggleBackendButton: View {
+    @EnvironmentObject<PlayerControlsModel> private var controls
+    @EnvironmentObject<PlayerModel> private var player
+
+    var body: some View {
+        Button {
+            player.saveTime {
+                player.changeActiveBackend(from: player.activeBackend, to: player.activeBackend.next())
+                controls.resetTimer()
+            }
+        } label: {
+            Text(player.activeBackend.label)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct ToggleBackendButton_Previews: PreviewProvider {
+    static var previews: some View {
+        ToggleBackendButton()
+    }
+}

Shared/Player/MPV/MPVOGLView.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import GLKit
+import OpenGLES
+
+final class MPVOGLView: GLKView {
+    private var defaultFBO: GLint?
+
+    var mpvGL: UnsafeMutableRawPointer?
+    var needsDrawing = true
+
+    override init(frame: CGRect) {
+        guard let context = EAGLContext(api: .openGLES2) else {
+            print("Failed to initialize OpenGLES 2.0 context")
+            exit(1)
+        }
+
+        super.init(frame: frame, context: context)
+        contentMode = .redraw
+
+        EAGLContext.setCurrent(context)
+
+        drawableColorFormat = .RGBA8888
+        drawableDepthFormat = .formatNone
+        drawableStencilFormat = .formatNone
+
+        defaultFBO = -1
+        isOpaque = false
+
+        fillBlack()
+    }
+
+    func fillBlack() {
+        glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 0)
+        glClear(UInt32(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT))
+    }
+
+    override func draw(_: CGRect) {
+        glGetIntegerv(UInt32(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING), &defaultFBO!)
+
+        if mpvGL != nil {
+            var data = mpv_opengl_fbo(
+                fbo: Int32(defaultFBO!),
+                w: Int32(bounds.size.width) * Int32(contentScaleFactor),
+                h: Int32(bounds.size.height) * Int32(contentScaleFactor),
+                internal_format: 0
+            )
+            var flip: CInt = 1
+            withUnsafeMutablePointer(to: &flip) { flip in
+                withUnsafeMutablePointer(to: &data) { data in
+                    var params = [
+                        mpv_render_param(type: MPV_RENDER_PARAM_OPENGL_FBO, data: data),
+                        mpv_render_param(type: MPV_RENDER_PARAM_FLIP_Y, data: flip),
+                        mpv_render_param()
+                    ]
+                    mpv_render_context_render(OpaquePointer(mpvGL), &params)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
+        super.init(coder: aDecoder)
+    }
+}

Shared/Player/MPV/MPVViewController.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import UIKit
+
+final class MPVViewController: UIViewController {
+    var client: MPVClient!
+    var glView: MPVOGLView!
+
+    init() {
+        client = MPVClient()
+        super.init(nibName: nil, bundle: nil)
+    }
+
+    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
+        super.init(coder: coder)
+    }
+
+    override func viewDidLoad() {
+        super.loadView()
+
+        glView = client.create(frame: view.frame)
+
+        view.addSubview(glView)
+
+        super.viewDidLoad()
+    }
+}

Shared/Player/PlaybackBar.swift

@@ -1,231 +0,0 @@
-import Defaults
-import Foundation
-import SwiftUI
-
-struct PlaybackBar: View {
-    @Environment(\.colorScheme) private var colorScheme
-    @Environment(\.presentationMode) private var presentationMode
-    @Environment(\.inNavigationView) private var inNavigationView
-
-    @EnvironmentObject<PlayerModel> private var player
-
-    var body: some View {
-        HStack {
-            #if !os(macOS)
-                closeButton
-            #endif
-
-            if player.currentItem != nil {
-                HStack {
-                    Text(playbackStatus)
-                    Text("•")
-                    rateMenu
-                }
-                .font(.caption2)
-                #if os(macOS)
-                    .padding(.leading, 4)
-                #endif
-
-                Spacer()
-
-                HStack(spacing: 4) {
-                    if !player.lastSkipped.isNil {
-                        restoreLastSkippedSegmentButton
-                    }
-                    if player.live {
-                        Image(systemName: "dot.radiowaves.left.and.right")
-                    } else if player.isLoadingAvailableStreams || player.isLoadingStream {
-                        Image(systemName: "bolt.horizontal.fill")
-                    } else if !player.playerError.isNil {
-                        Button {
-                            player.presentingErrorDetails = true
-                        } label: {
-                            Image(systemName: "exclamationmark.circle.fill")
-                                .foregroundColor(.red)
-                        }
-                        .buttonStyle(.plain)
-                    }
-
-                    streamControl
-                        .disabled(player.isLoadingAvailableStreams)
-                        .frame(alignment: .trailing)
-                        .onChange(of: player.streamSelection) { selection in
-                            guard !selection.isNil else {
-                                return
-                            }
-
-                            player.upgradeToStream(selection!)
-                        }
-                    #if os(macOS)
-                        .frame(maxWidth: 180)
-                    #endif
-                }
-                .transaction { t in t.animation = .none }
-                .font(.caption2)
-            } else {
-                Spacer()
-            }
-        }
-        .foregroundColor(colorScheme == .dark ? .gray : .black)
-        .alert(isPresented: $player.presentingErrorDetails) {
-            Alert(
-                title: Text("Error"),
-                message: Text(player.playerError?.localizedDescription ?? "")
-            )
-        }
-        .frame(minWidth: 0, maxWidth: .infinity, minHeight: 20)
-        .padding(4)
-        .background(colorScheme == .dark ? Color.black : Color.white)
-    }
-
-    private var closeButton: some View {
-        Button {
-            player.hide()
-        } label: {
-            Label(
-                "Close",
-                systemImage: inNavigationView ? "chevron.backward.circle.fill" : "chevron.down.circle.fill"
-            )
-            .labelStyle(.iconOnly)
-        }
-        .accessibilityLabel(Text("Close"))
-        .buttonStyle(.borderless)
-        .foregroundColor(.gray)
-        .keyboardShortcut(.cancelAction)
-    }
-
-    private var playbackStatus: String {
-        if player.live {
-            return "LIVE"
-        }
-
-        guard !player.isLoadingVideo else {
-            return "loading..."
-        }
-
-        guard let video = player.currentVideo,
-              let time = player.time
-        else {
-            return ""
-        }
-
-        let videoLengthAtRate = video.length / Double(player.currentRate)
-        let remainingSeconds = videoLengthAtRate - time.seconds
-
-        if remainingSeconds < 60 {
-            return "less than a minute"
-        }
-
-        let timeFinishAt = Date().addingTimeInterval(remainingSeconds)
-
-        return "ends at \(formattedTimeFinishAt(timeFinishAt))"
-    }
-
-    private func formattedTimeFinishAt(_ date: Date) -> String {
-        let dateFormatter = DateFormatter()
-
-        dateFormatter.dateStyle = .none
-        dateFormatter.timeStyle = .short
-
-        return dateFormatter.string(from: date)
-    }
-
-    private var rateMenu: some View {
-        #if os(macOS)
-            ratePicker
-                .labelsHidden()
-                .frame(maxWidth: 70)
-        #else
-            Menu {
-                ratePicker
-            } label: {
-                Text(player.rateLabel(player.currentRate))
-            }
-
-        #endif
-    }
-
-    private var ratePicker: some View {
-        Picker("", selection: $player.currentRate) {
-            ForEach(PlayerModel.availableRates, id: \.self) { rate in
-                Text(player.rateLabel(rate)).tag(rate)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private var restoreLastSkippedSegmentButton: some View {
-        HStack(spacing: 4) {
-            Button {
-                player.restoreLastSkippedSegment()
-            } label: {
-                HStack(spacing: 4) {
-                    Image(systemName: "arrow.uturn.left.circle")
-                    Text(player.lastSkipped!.title())
-                }
-            }
-            .buttonStyle(.plain)
-
-            Text("•")
-        }
-    }
-
-    private var streamControl: some View {
-        #if os(macOS)
-            Picker("", selection: $player.streamSelection) {
-                ForEach(InstancesModel.all) { instance in
-                    let instanceStreams = availableStreamsForInstance(instance)
-                    if !instanceStreams.values.isEmpty {
-                        let kinds = Array(instanceStreams.keys).sorted { $0 < $1 }
-
-                        Section(header: Text(instance.longDescription)) {
-                            ForEach(kinds, id: \.self) { key in
-                                ForEach(instanceStreams[key] ?? []) { stream in
-                                    Text(stream.quality).tag(Stream?.some(stream))
-                                }
-
-                                if kinds.count > 1 {
-                                    Divider()
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        #else
-            Menu {
-                ForEach(InstancesModel.all) { instance in
-                    let instanceStreams = availableStreamsForInstance(instance)
-                    if !instanceStreams.values.isEmpty {
-                        let kinds = Array(instanceStreams.keys).sorted { $0 < $1 }
-                        Picker("", selection: $player.streamSelection) {
-                            ForEach(kinds, id: \.self) { key in
-                                ForEach(instanceStreams[key] ?? []) { stream in
-                                    Text(stream.description).tag(Stream?.some(stream))
-                                }
-
-                                if kinds.count > 1 {
-                                    Divider()
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            } label: {
-                Text(player.streamSelection?.quality ?? "")
-            }
-        #endif
-    }
-
-    private func availableStreamsForInstance(_ instance: Instance) -> [Stream.Kind: [Stream]] {
-        let streams = player.availableStreamsSorted.filter { $0.instance == instance }
-
-        return Dictionary(grouping: streams, by: \.kind!)
-    }
-}
-
-struct PlaybackBar_Previews: PreviewProvider {
-    static var previews: some View {
-        PlaybackBar()
-            .injectFixtureEnvironmentObjects()
-    }
-}

Shared/Player/PlayerGestures.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import SwiftUI
+
+struct PlayerGestures: View {
+    @EnvironmentObject<PlayerModel> private var player
+    @EnvironmentObject<PlayerControlsModel> private var model
+
+    var body: some View {
+        HStack(spacing: 0) {
+            gestureRectangle
+                .tapRecognizer(
+                    tapSensitivity: 0.2,
+                    singleTapAction: {
+                        model.toggle()
+                    },
+                    doubleTapAction: {
+                        player.backend.seek(relative: .secondsInDefaultTimescale(-10))
+                    }
+                )
+
+            gestureRectangle
+                .tapRecognizer(
+                    tapSensitivity: 0.2,
+                    singleTapAction: {
+                        model.toggle()
+                    },
+                    doubleTapAction: {
+                        player.backend.togglePlay()
+                    }
+                )
+
+            gestureRectangle
+                .tapRecognizer(
+                    tapSensitivity: 0.2,
+                    singleTapAction: {
+                        model.toggle()
+                    },
+                    doubleTapAction: {
+                        player.backend.seek(relative: .secondsInDefaultTimescale(10))
+                    }
+                )
+        }
+    }
+
+    var gestureRectangle: some View {
+        Color.clear
+            .contentShape(Rectangle())
+            .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, maxHeight: .infinity)
+    }
+}
+
+struct PlayerGestures_Previews: PreviewProvider {
+    static var previews: some View {
+        PlayerGestures()
+    }
+}

Shared/Player/StreamControl.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import SwiftUI
+
+struct StreamControl: View {
+    @EnvironmentObject<PlayerModel> private var player
+
+    var body: some View {
+        Group {
+            #if os(macOS)
+                Picker("", selection: $player.streamSelection) {
+                    ForEach(InstancesModel.all) { instance in
+                        let instanceStreams = availableStreamsForInstance(instance)
+                        if !instanceStreams.values.isEmpty {
+                            let kinds = Array(instanceStreams.keys).sorted { $0 < $1 }
+
+                            Section(header: Text(instance.longDescription)) {
+                                ForEach(kinds, id: \.self) { key in
+                                    ForEach(instanceStreams[key] ?? []) { stream in
+                                        Text(stream.quality).tag(Stream?.some(stream))
+                                    }
+
+                                    if kinds.count > 1 {
+                                        Divider()
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                .disabled(player.isLoadingAvailableStreams)
+
+            #else
+                Menu {
+                    ForEach(InstancesModel.all) { instance in
+                        let instanceStreams = availableStreamsForInstance(instance)
+                        if !instanceStreams.values.isEmpty {
+                            let kinds = Array(instanceStreams.keys).sorted { $0 < $1 }
+                            Picker("", selection: $player.streamSelection) {
+                                ForEach(kinds, id: \.self) { key in
+                                    ForEach(instanceStreams[key] ?? []) { stream in
+                                        Text(stream.description).tag(Stream?.some(stream))
+                                    }
+
+                                    if kinds.count > 1 {
+                                        Divider()
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                } label: {
+                    Text(player.streamSelection?.quality ?? "no playable streams")
+                }
+                .disabled(player.isLoadingAvailableStreams)
+            #endif
+        }
+
+        .transaction { t in t.animation = .none }
+        .onChange(of: player.streamSelection) { selection in
+            guard !selection.isNil else {
+                return
+            }
+
+            player.upgradeToStream(selection!)
+        }
+        .frame(alignment: .trailing)
+    }
+
+    private func availableStreamsForInstance(_ instance: Instance) -> [Stream.Kind: [Stream]] {
+        let streams = player.availableStreamsSorted.filter { $0.instance == instance }.filter { player.backend.canPlay($0) }
+
+        return Dictionary(grouping: streams, by: \.kind!)
+    }
+}
+
+struct StreamControl_Previews: PreviewProvider {
+    static var previews: some View {
+        StreamControl()
+    }
+}

Shared/Player/TapRecognizerViewModifier.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import SwiftUI
+
+struct TapRecognizerViewModifier: ViewModifier {
+    @State private var singleTapIsTaped: Bool = .init()
+
+    var tapSensitivity: Double
+    var singleTapAction: () -> Void
+    var doubleTapAction: () -> Void
+
+    init(tapSensitivity: Double, singleTapAction: @escaping () -> Void, doubleTapAction: @escaping () -> Void) {
+        self.tapSensitivity = tapSensitivity
+        self.singleTapAction = singleTapAction
+        self.doubleTapAction = doubleTapAction
+    }
+
+    func body(content: Content) -> some View {
+        content.gesture(simultaneouslyGesture)
+    }
+
+    private var singleTapGesture: some Gesture {
+        TapGesture(count: 1).onEnded {
+            singleTapIsTaped = true
+
+            DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + tapSensitivity) {
+                if singleTapIsTaped {
+                    singleTapAction()
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var doubleTapGesture: some Gesture {
+        TapGesture(count: 2).onEnded {
+            singleTapIsTaped = false
+            doubleTapAction()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var simultaneouslyGesture: some Gesture {
+        singleTapGesture.simultaneously(with: doubleTapGesture)
+    }
+}
+
+extension View {
+    func tapRecognizer(tapSensitivity: Double, singleTapAction: @escaping () -> Void, doubleTapAction: @escaping () -> Void) -> some View {
+        modifier(TapRecognizerViewModifier(tapSensitivity: tapSensitivity, singleTapAction: singleTapAction, doubleTapAction: doubleTapAction))
+    }
+}

Shared/Player/TimelineView.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+import SwiftUI
+
+struct TimelineView: View {
+    @Binding private var duration: Double
+    @Binding private var current: Double
+
+    @State private var size = CGSize.zero
+    @State private var dragging = false
+    @State private var dragOffset: Double = 0
+    @State private var draggedFrom: Double = 0
+
+    private var start: Double = 0.0
+    private var height = 10.0
+
+    var cornerRadius: Double
+    var thumbTooltipWidth: Double = 100
+
+    @EnvironmentObject<PlayerModel> private var player
+    @EnvironmentObject<PlayerControlsModel> private var controls
+
+    init(duration: Binding<Double>, current: Binding<Double>, cornerRadius: Double = 10.0) {
+        _duration = duration
+        _current = current
+        self.cornerRadius = cornerRadius
+    }
+
+    var body: some View {
+        ZStack(alignment: .leading) {
+            RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: cornerRadius)
+                .foregroundColor(.blue)
+                .frame(maxHeight: height)
+
+            RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: cornerRadius)
+                .fill(
+                    Color.green
+                )
+                .frame(maxHeight: height)
+                .frame(width: current * oneUnitWidth)
+
+            segmentsLayers
+
+            Circle()
+                .strokeBorder(.gray, lineWidth: 1)
+                .background(Circle().fill(dragging ? .gray : .white))
+                .offset(x: thumbOffset)
+                .foregroundColor(.red.opacity(0.6))
+
+                .frame(maxHeight: height * 2)
+
+                .gesture(
+                    DragGesture(minimumDistance: 0)
+                        .onChanged { value in
+                            if !dragging {
+                                controls.removeTimer()
+                                draggedFrom = current
+                            }
+
+                            dragging = true
+
+                            let drag = value.translation.width
+                            let change = (drag / size.width) * units
+                            let changedCurrent = current + change
+
+                            guard changedCurrent >= start, changedCurrent <= duration else {
+                                return
+                            }
+                            withAnimation(Animation.linear(duration: 0.2)) {
+                                dragOffset = drag
+                            }
+                        }
+                        .onEnded { _ in
+                            current = projectedValue
+
+                            player.backend.seek(to: projectedValue)
+
+                            dragging = false
+                            dragOffset = 0.0
+                            draggedFrom = 0.0
+                            controls.resetTimer()
+                        }
+                )
+
+            ZStack {
+                RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: cornerRadius)
+                    .frame(maxWidth: thumbTooltipWidth, maxHeight: 30)
+
+                Text(projectedValue.formattedAsPlaybackTime() ?? "--:--")
+                    .foregroundColor(.black)
+            }
+            .animation(.linear(duration: 0.1))
+            .opacity(dragging ? 1 : 0)
+            .offset(x: thumbTooltipOffset, y: -(height * 2) - 7)
+        }
+        .background(GeometryReader { proxy in
+            Color.clear
+                .onAppear {
+                    self.size = proxy.size
+                }
+                .onChange(of: proxy.size) { size in
+                    self.size = size
+                }
+        })
+        .gesture(DragGesture(minimumDistance: 0).onEnded { value in
+            let target = (value.location.x / size.width) * units
+            current = target
+            player.backend.seek(to: target)
+        })
+    }
+
+    var projectedValue: Double {
+        let change = (dragOffset / size.width) * units
+        let projected = draggedFrom + change
+        return projected.isFinite ? projected : start
+    }
+
+    var thumbOffset: Double {
+        let offset = dragging ? (draggedThumbHorizontalOffset + dragOffset) : thumbHorizontalOffset
+        return offset.isFinite ? offset : thumbLeadingOffset
+    }
+
+    var thumbTooltipOffset: Double {
+        let offset = (dragging ? ((current * oneUnitWidth) + dragOffset) : (current * oneUnitWidth)) - (thumbTooltipWidth / 2)
+
+        return offset.clamped(to: minThumbTooltipOffset ... maxThumbTooltipOffset)
+    }
+
+    var minThumbTooltipOffset: Double = -10
+
+    var maxThumbTooltipOffset: Double {
+        max(minThumbTooltipOffset, (units * oneUnitWidth) - thumbTooltipWidth + 10)
+    }
+
+    var segmentsLayers: some View {
+        ForEach(player.sponsorBlock.segments, id: \.uuid) { segment in
+            RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: cornerRadius)
+                .offset(x: segmentLayerHorizontalOffset(segment))
+                .foregroundColor(.red)
+                .frame(maxHeight: height)
+                .frame(width: segmentLayerWidth(segment))
+        }
+    }
+
+    func segmentLayerHorizontalOffset(_ segment: Segment) -> Double {
+        segment.start * oneUnitWidth
+    }
+
+    func segmentLayerWidth(_ segment: Segment) -> Double {
+        let width = segment.duration * oneUnitWidth
+        return width.isFinite ? width : thumbLeadingOffset
+    }
+
+    var draggedThumbHorizontalOffset: Double {
+        thumbLeadingOffset + (draggedFrom * oneUnitWidth)
+    }
+
+    var thumbHorizontalOffset: Double {
+        thumbLeadingOffset + (current * oneUnitWidth)
+    }
+
+    var thumbLeadingOffset: Double {
+        -(size.width / 2)
+    }
+
+    var oneUnitWidth: Double {
+        let one = size.width / units
+        return one.isFinite ? one : 0
+    }
+
+    var units: Double {
+        duration - start
+    }
+
+    func setCurrent(_ current: Double) {
+        withAnimation {
+            self.current = current
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct TimelineView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
+    static var previews: some View {
+        VStack(spacing: 40) {
+            TimelineView(duration: .constant(100), current: .constant(0))
+            TimelineView(duration: .constant(100), current: .constant(1))
+            TimelineView(duration: .constant(100), current: .constant(30))
+            TimelineView(duration: .constant(100), current: .constant(50))
+            TimelineView(duration: .constant(100), current: .constant(66))
+            TimelineView(duration: .constant(100), current: .constant(90))
+            TimelineView(duration: .constant(100), current: .constant(100))
+        }
+        .padding()
+    }
+}

Shared/Player/VideoDetailsPaddingModifier.swift

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ struct VideoDetailsPaddingModifier: ViewModifier {
         #if os(macOS)
             30
         #else
-            40
+            10
         #endif
     }
 

Shared/Player/VideoPlayerSizeModifier.swift

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ struct VideoPlayerSizeModifier: ViewModifier {
     let geometry: GeometryProxy
     let aspectRatio: Double?
     let minimumHeightLeft: Double
+    let fullScreen: Bool
 
     #if os(iOS)
         @Environment(\.verticalSizeClass) private var verticalSizeClass
@@ -13,18 +14,19 @@ struct VideoPlayerSizeModifier: ViewModifier {
     init(
         geometry: GeometryProxy,
         aspectRatio: Double? = nil,
-        minimumHeightLeft: Double? = nil
+        minimumHeightLeft: Double? = nil,
+        fullScreen: Bool = false
     ) {
         self.geometry = geometry
         self.aspectRatio = aspectRatio ?? VideoPlayerView.defaultAspectRatio
         self.minimumHeightLeft = minimumHeightLeft ?? VideoPlayerView.defaultMinimumHeightLeft
+        self.fullScreen = fullScreen
     }
 
     func body(content: Content) -> some View {
         content
-            .frame(maxHeight: maxHeight)
-            .aspectRatio(usedAspectRatio, contentMode: usedAspectRatioContentMode)
-            .edgesIgnoringSafeArea(edgesIgnoringSafeArea)
+            .frame(maxHeight: fullScreen ? .infinity : maxHeight)
+            .aspectRatio(usedAspectRatio, contentMode: .fit)
     }
 
     var usedAspectRatio: Double {
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ struct VideoPlayerSizeModifier: ViewModifier {
 
     var usedAspectRatioContentMode: ContentMode {
         #if os(iOS)
-            verticalSizeClass == .regular ? .fit : .fill
+            !fullScreen ? .fit : .fill
         #else
                 .fit
         #endif
@@ -59,14 +61,4 @@ struct VideoPlayerSizeModifier: ViewModifier {
 
         return [height, 0].max()!
     }
-
-    var edgesIgnoringSafeArea: Edge.Set {
-        let empty = Edge.Set()
-
-        #if os(iOS)
-            return verticalSizeClass == .compact ? .all : empty
-        #else
-            return empty
-        #endif
-    }
 }

Shared/Player/VideoPlayerView.swift

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ struct VideoPlayerView: View {
     @Environment(\.colorScheme) private var colorScheme
 
     #if os(iOS)
-        @Environment(\.presentationMode) private var presentationMode
         @Environment(\.horizontalSizeClass) private var horizontalSizeClass
         @Environment(\.verticalSizeClass) private var verticalSizeClass
 
@@ -36,6 +35,7 @@ struct VideoPlayerView: View {
     #endif
 
     @EnvironmentObject<AccountsModel> private var accounts
+    @EnvironmentObject<PlayerControlsModel> private var playerControls
     @EnvironmentObject<PlayerModel> private var player
 
     var body: some View {
@@ -60,12 +60,15 @@ struct VideoPlayerView: View {
                 .onChange(of: geometry.size) { size in
                     self.playerSize = size
                 }
+                .onChange(of: fullScreenDetails) { value in
+                    player.backend.setNeedsDrawing(!value)
+                }
                 #if os(iOS)
                 .onReceive(NotificationCenter.default.publisher(for: UIDevice.orientationDidChangeNotification)) { _ in
                     handleOrientationDidChangeNotification()
                 }
                 .onDisappear {
-                    guard !player.playingFullscreen else {
+                    guard !playerControls.playingFullscreen else {
                         return // swiftlint:disable:this implicit_return
                     }
 
@@ -80,7 +83,6 @@ struct VideoPlayerView: View {
                 }
                 #endif
             }
-            .navigationBarHidden(true)
         #endif
     }
 
@@ -89,31 +91,55 @@ struct VideoPlayerView: View {
             Group {
                 #if os(tvOS)
                     player.playerView
+                        .ignoresSafeArea(.all, edges: .all)
                 #else
                     GeometryReader { geometry in
                         VStack(spacing: 0) {
-                            #if os(iOS)
-                                if verticalSizeClass == .regular {
-                                    PlaybackBar()
-                                }
-                            #elseif os(macOS)
+                            if !playerControls.playingFullscreen {
+                                #if os(macOS)
                                     PlaybackBar()
                                 #endif
+                            }
 
                             if player.currentItem.isNil {
                                 playerPlaceholder(geometry: geometry)
                             } else if player.playingInPictureInPicture {
                                 pictureInPicturePlaceholder(geometry: geometry)
                             } else {
-                                player.playerView
+                                ZStack(alignment: .top) {
+                                    switch player.activeBackend {
+                                    case .mpv:
+                                        player.mpvPlayerView
+                                            .overlay(GeometryReader { proxy in
+                                                Color.clear
+                                                    .onAppear {
+                                                        player.playerSize = proxy.size
+                                                        player.mpvBackend.client?.setSize(proxy.size.width, proxy.size.height)
+                                                    }
+                                                    .onChange(of: proxy.size) { _ in
+                                                        player.playerSize = proxy.size
+                                                        player.mpvBackend.client?.setSize(proxy.size.width, proxy.size.height)
+                                                    }
+                                            })
+                                    case .appleAVPlayer:
+                                        player.avPlayerView
+                                    }
+
+                                    PlayerGestures()
+
+                                    PlayerControls(player: player)
+                                }
                                 .modifier(
                                     VideoPlayerSizeModifier(
                                         geometry: geometry,
-                                            aspectRatio: player.controller?.aspectRatio
+                                        aspectRatio: player.avPlayerBackend.controller?.aspectRatio,
+                                        fullScreen: playerControls.playingFullscreen
                                     )
                                 )
                             }
                         }
+                        .frame(maxWidth: fullScreenLayout ? .infinity : nil, maxHeight: fullScreenLayout ? .infinity : nil)
+
                         #if os(iOS)
                             .onSwipeGesture(
                                 up: {
@@ -123,10 +149,14 @@ struct VideoPlayerView: View {
                                 },
                                 down: { player.hide() }
                             )
+                            .onHover { hovering in
+                                hovering ? playerControls.show() : playerControls.hide()
+                            }
                         #endif
 
                             .background(Color.black)
 
+                        if !playerControls.playingFullscreen {
                             Group {
                                 #if os(iOS)
                                     if verticalSizeClass == .regular {
@@ -140,16 +170,18 @@ struct VideoPlayerView: View {
                             .background(colorScheme == .dark ? Color.black : Color.white)
                             .modifier(VideoDetailsPaddingModifier(
                                 geometry: geometry,
-                            aspectRatio: player.controller?.aspectRatio,
+                                aspectRatio: player.avPlayerBackend.controller?.aspectRatio,
                                 fullScreen: fullScreenDetails
                             ))
                         }
+                    }
                 #endif
             }
-            .background(colorScheme == .dark ? Color.black : Color.white)
+            .background(((colorScheme == .dark || fullScreenLayout) ? Color.black : Color.white).edgesIgnoringSafeArea(.all))
             #if os(macOS)
                 .frame(minWidth: 650)
             #endif
+            if !playerControls.playingFullscreen {
                 #if os(iOS)
                     if sidebarQueue {
                         PlayerQueueView(sidebarQueue: .constant(true), fullScreen: $fullScreenDetails)
@@ -163,6 +195,14 @@ struct VideoPlayerView: View {
                 #endif
             }
         }
+        .ignoresSafeArea(.all, edges: fullScreenLayout ? .vertical : Edge.Set())
+        .statusBar(hidden: playerControls.playingFullscreen)
+        .navigationBarHidden(true)
+    }
+
+    var fullScreenLayout: Bool {
+        playerControls.playingFullscreen || verticalSizeClass == .compact
+    }
 
     func playerPlaceholder(geometry: GeometryProxy) -> some View {
         HStack {
@@ -235,7 +275,7 @@ struct VideoPlayerView: View {
         private func configureOrientationUpdatesBasedOnAccelerometer() {
             if UIDevice.current.orientation.isLandscape,
                enterFullscreenInLandscape,
-               !player.playingFullscreen,
+               !playerControls.playingFullscreen,
                !player.playingInPictureInPicture
             {
                 DispatchQueue.main.async {

Shared/Playlists/PlaylistsView.swift

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ struct PlaylistsView: View {
     }
 
     var body: some View {
-        PlayerControlsView(toolbar: {
+        BrowserPlayerControls(toolbar: {
             HStack {
                 HStack {
                     newPlaylistButton

Shared/RepeatingTimer.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import Foundation
+
+final class RepeatingTimer {
+    let timeInterval: TimeInterval
+
+    init(timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
+        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
+    }
+
+    private lazy var timer: DispatchSourceTimer = {
+        let t = DispatchSource.makeTimerSource()
+        t.schedule(deadline: .now() + self.timeInterval, repeating: self.timeInterval)
+        t.setEventHandler { [weak self] in
+            self?.eventHandler?()
+        }
+        return t
+    }()
+
+    var eventHandler: (() -> Void)?
+
+    private enum State {
+        case suspended
+        case resumed
+    }
+
+    private var state: State = .suspended
+
+    deinit {
+        timer.setEventHandler {}
+        timer.cancel()
+        /*
+         If the timer is suspended, calling cancel without resuming
+         triggers a crash. This is documented here https://forums.developer.apple.com/thread/15902
+         */
+        resume()
+        eventHandler = nil
+    }
+
+    func resume() {
+        if state == .resumed {
+            return
+        }
+        state = .resumed
+        timer.resume()
+    }
+
+    func suspend() {
+        if state == .suspended {
+            return
+        }
+        state = .suspended
+        timer.suspend()
+    }
+}

Shared/Search/SearchView.swift

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ struct SearchView: View {
     }
 
     var body: some View {
-        PlayerControlsView(toolbar: {
+        BrowserPlayerControls(toolbar: {
             #if os(iOS)
                 if accounts.app.supportsSearchFilters {
                     HStack(spacing: 0) {

Shared/Trending/TrendingView.swift

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ struct TrendingView: View {
     }
 
     var body: some View {
-        PlayerControlsView(toolbar: {
+        BrowserPlayerControls(toolbar: {
             HStack {
                 if accounts.app.supportsTrendingCategories {
                     HStack {

Shared/Videos/VideoCell.swift

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ struct VideoCell: View {
             }
 
             if !playNowContinues {
-                player.player.seek(to: .zero)
+                player.backend.seek(to: .zero)
             }
 
             player.play()
@@ -255,7 +255,6 @@ struct VideoCell: View {
                 HStack(spacing: 8) {
                     if let date = video.publishedDate {
                         HStack(spacing: 2) {
-                            Image(systemName: "calendar")
                             Text(date)
                                 .allowsTightening(true)
                         }
@@ -272,7 +271,6 @@ struct VideoCell: View {
                         Spacer()
 
                         HStack(spacing: 2) {
-                            Image(systemName: "clock")
                             Text(time)
                         }
                     }

Shared/Views/BrowserPlayerControls.swift

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import Foundation
 import SwiftUI
 
-struct PlayerControlsView<Content: View, Toolbar: View>: View {
+struct BrowserPlayerControls<Content: View, Toolbar: View>: View {
     let content: Content
     let toolbar: Toolbar?
 
     @Environment(\.navigationStyle) private var navigationStyle
+    @EnvironmentObject<PlayerControlsModel> private var playerControls
     @EnvironmentObject<PlayerModel> private var model
 
     init(@ViewBuilder toolbar: @escaping () -> Toolbar? = { nil }, @ViewBuilder content: @escaping () -> Content) {
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ struct PlayerControlsView<Content: View, Toolbar: View>: View {
             ZStack(alignment: .bottom) {
                 HStack {
                     Group {
-                        if model.isPlaying {
+                        if playerControls.isPlaying {
                             Button(action: {
                                 model.pause()
                             }) {
@@ -96,9 +97,9 @@ struct PlayerControlsView<Content: View, Toolbar: View>: View {
                             }) {
                                 Label("Play", systemImage: "play.fill")
                             }
-                            .disabled(model.player.currentItem.isNil)
                         }
                     }
+                    .disabled(playerControls.isLoadingVideo)
                     .font(.system(size: 30))
                     .frame(minWidth: 30)
 
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ struct PlayerControlsView<Content: View, Toolbar: View>: View {
 
 struct PlayerControlsView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
     static var previews: some View {
-        PlayerControlsView {
+        BrowserPlayerControls {
             VStack {
                 Spacer()
                 Text("Hello")

Shared/Views/ChannelPlaylistView.swift

@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ struct ChannelPlaylistView: View {
             if inNavigationView {
                 content
             } else {
-                PlayerControlsView {
+                BrowserPlayerControls {
                     content
                 }
             }
         #else
-            PlayerControlsView {
+            BrowserPlayerControls {
                 content
             }
         #endif

Shared/Views/ChannelVideosView.swift

@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ struct ChannelVideosView: View {
             if inNavigationView {
                 content
             } else {
-                PlayerControlsView {
+                BrowserPlayerControls {
                     content
                 }
             }
         #else
-            PlayerControlsView {
+            BrowserPlayerControls {
                 content
             }
         #endif

Shared/Views/MPVPlayerView.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import SwiftUI
+
+#if !os(macOS)
+    struct MPVPlayerView: UIViewControllerRepresentable {
+        @EnvironmentObject<PlayerModel> private var player
+
+        @State private var controller = MPVViewController()
+
+        func makeUIViewController(context _: Context) -> some UIViewController {
+            player.mpvBackend.controller = controller
+            player.mpvBackend.client = controller.client
+
+            return controller
+        }
+
+        func updateUIViewController(_: UIViewControllerType, context _: Context) {}
+    }
+#else
+    struct MPVPlayerView: NSViewRepresentable {
+        let layer: VideoLayer
+
+        func makeNSView(context _: Context) -> some NSView {
+            let vview = VideoView()
+
+            vview.layer = layer
+            vview.wantsLayer = true
+
+            return vview
+        }
+
+        func updateNSView(_: NSViewType, context _: Context) {}
+    }
+#endif

Shared/Views/PlaylistVideosView.swift

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ struct PlaylistVideosView: View {
     }
 
     var body: some View {
-        PlayerControlsView {
+        BrowserPlayerControls {
             VerticalCells(items: contentItems)
                 .onAppear {
                     if !player.accounts.app.userPlaylistsEndpointIncludesVideos {

Shared/Views/PopularView.swift

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ struct PopularView: View {
     }
 
     var body: some View {
-        PlayerControlsView {
+        BrowserPlayerControls {
             VerticalCells(items: videos)
                 .onAppear {
                     resource?.addObserver(store)

Shared/Views/ShareButton.swift

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ struct ShareButton: View {
                         shareAction(
                             accounts.api.shareURL(
                                 contentItem,
-                                time: player.player.currentTime()
+                                time: player.backend.currentTime
                             )!
                         )
                     }
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ struct ShareButton: View {
                             accounts.api.shareURL(
                                 contentItem,
                                 frontendHost: "www.youtube.com",
-                                time: player.player.currentTime()
+                                time: player.backend.currentTime
                             )!
                         )
                     }

Shared/Views/SignInRequiredView.swift

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ struct SignInRequiredView<Content: View>: View {
 
 struct SignInRequiredView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
     static var previews: some View {
-        PlayerControlsView {
+        BrowserPlayerControls {
             SignInRequiredView(title: "Subscriptions") {
                 Text("Only when signed in")
             }

Shared/Views/SubscriptionsView.swift

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ struct SubscriptionsView: View {
     }
 
     var body: some View {
-        PlayerControlsView {
+        BrowserPlayerControls {
             SignInRequiredView(title: "Subscriptions") {
                 VerticalCells(items: videos)
                     .onAppear {

Shared/YatteeApp.swift

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ struct YatteeApp: App {
     @StateObject private var menu = MenuModel()
     @StateObject private var navigation = NavigationModel()
     @StateObject private var player = PlayerModel()
+    @StateObject private var playerControls = PlayerControlsModel()
     @StateObject private var playlists = PlaylistsModel()
     @StateObject private var recents = RecentsModel()
     @StateObject private var search = SearchModel()
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ struct YatteeApp: App {
                 .environmentObject(instances)
                 .environmentObject(navigation)
                 .environmentObject(player)
+                .environmentObject(playerControls)
                 .environmentObject(playlists)
                 .environmentObject(recents)
                 .environmentObject(subscriptions)
@@ -101,6 +103,7 @@ struct YatteeApp: App {
                     .environmentObject(instances)
                     .environmentObject(navigation)
                     .environmentObject(player)
+                    .environmentObject(playerControls)
                     .environmentObject(playlists)
                     .environmentObject(recents)
                     .environmentObject(subscriptions)
@@ -115,6 +118,7 @@ struct YatteeApp: App {
                     .environmentObject(accounts)
                     .environmentObject(instances)
                     .environmentObject(player)
+                    .environmentObject(playerControls)
                     .environmentObject(updater)
             }
         #endif

Vendor/mpv/iOS/include/qthelper.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+/* Copyright (C) 2017 the mpv developers
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MPV_CLIENT_API_QTHELPER_H_
+#define MPV_CLIENT_API_QTHELPER_H_
+
+#include <mpv/client.h>
+
+#if !MPV_ENABLE_DEPRECATED
+#error "This helper is deprecated. Copy it into your project instead."
+#else
+
+/**
+ * Note: these helpers are provided for convenience for C++/Qt applications.
+ * This is based on the public API in client.h, and it does not encode any
+ * knowledge that is not known or guaranteed outside of the C client API. You
+ * can even copy and modify this code as you like, or implement similar things
+ * for other languages.
+ */
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <QVariant>
+#include <QString>
+#include <QList>
+#include <QHash>
+#include <QSharedPointer>
+#include <QMetaType>
+
+namespace mpv {
+namespace qt {
+
+// Wrapper around mpv_handle. Does refcounting under the hood.
+class Handle
+{
+    struct container {
+        container(mpv_handle *h) : mpv(h) {}
+        ~container() { mpv_terminate_destroy(mpv); }
+        mpv_handle *mpv;
+    };
+    QSharedPointer<container> sptr;
+public:
+    // Construct a new Handle from a raw mpv_handle with refcount 1. If the
+    // last Handle goes out of scope, the mpv_handle will be destroyed with
+    // mpv_terminate_destroy().
+    // Never destroy the mpv_handle manually when using this wrapper. You
+    // will create dangling pointers. Just let the wrapper take care of
+    // destroying the mpv_handle.
+    // Never create multiple wrappers from the same raw mpv_handle; copy the
+    // wrapper instead (that's what it's for).
+    static Handle FromRawHandle(mpv_handle *handle) {
+        Handle h;
+        h.sptr = QSharedPointer<container>(new container(handle));
+        return h;
+    }
+
+    // Return the raw handle; for use with the libmpv C API.
+    operator mpv_handle*() const { return sptr ? (*sptr).mpv : 0; }
+};
+
+static inline QVariant node_to_variant(const mpv_node *node)
+{
+    switch (node->format) {
+    case MPV_FORMAT_STRING:
+        return QVariant(QString::fromUtf8(node->u.string));
+    case MPV_FORMAT_FLAG:
+        return QVariant(static_cast<bool>(node->u.flag));
+    case MPV_FORMAT_INT64:
+        return QVariant(static_cast<qlonglong>(node->u.int64));
+    case MPV_FORMAT_DOUBLE:
+        return QVariant(node->u.double_);
+    case MPV_FORMAT_NODE_ARRAY: {
+        mpv_node_list *list = node->u.list;
+        QVariantList qlist;
+        for (int n = 0; n < list->num; n++)
+            qlist.append(node_to_variant(&list->values[n]));
+        return QVariant(qlist);
+    }
+    case MPV_FORMAT_NODE_MAP: {
+        mpv_node_list *list = node->u.list;
+        QVariantMap qmap;
+        for (int n = 0; n < list->num; n++) {
+            qmap.insert(QString::fromUtf8(list->keys[n]),
+                        node_to_variant(&list->values[n]));
+        }
+        return QVariant(qmap);
+    }
+    default: // MPV_FORMAT_NONE, unknown values (e.g. future extensions)
+        return QVariant();
+    }
+}
+
+struct node_builder {
+    node_builder(const QVariant& v) {
+        set(&node_, v);
+    }
+    ~node_builder() {
+        free_node(&node_);
+    }
+    mpv_node *node() { return &node_; }
+private:
+    Q_DISABLE_COPY(node_builder)
+    mpv_node node_;
+    mpv_node_list *create_list(mpv_node *dst, bool is_map, int num) {
+        dst->format = is_map ? MPV_FORMAT_NODE_MAP : MPV_FORMAT_NODE_ARRAY;
+        mpv_node_list *list = new mpv_node_list();
+        dst->u.list = list;
+        if (!list)
+            goto err;
+        list->values = new mpv_node[num]();
+        if (!list->values)
+            goto err;
+        if (is_map) {
+            list->keys = new char*[num]();
+            if (!list->keys)
+                goto err;
+        }
+        return list;
+    err:
+        free_node(dst);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    char *dup_qstring(const QString &s) {
+        QByteArray b = s.toUtf8();
+        char *r = new char[b.size() + 1];
+        if (r)
+            std::memcpy(r, b.data(), b.size() + 1);
+        return r;
+    }
+    bool test_type(const QVariant &v, QMetaType::Type t) {
+        // The Qt docs say: "Although this function is declared as returning
+        // "QVariant::Type(obsolete), the return value should be interpreted
+        // as QMetaType::Type."
+        // So a cast really seems to be needed to avoid warnings (urgh).
+        return static_cast<int>(v.type()) == static_cast<int>(t);
+    }
+    void set(mpv_node *dst, const QVariant &src) {
+        if (test_type(src, QMetaType::QString)) {
+            dst->format = MPV_FORMAT_STRING;
+            dst->u.string = dup_qstring(src.toString());
+            if (!dst->u.string)
+                goto fail;
+        } else if (test_type(src, QMetaType::Bool)) {
+            dst->format = MPV_FORMAT_FLAG;
+            dst->u.flag = src.toBool() ? 1 : 0;
+        } else if (test_type(src, QMetaType::Int) ||
+                   test_type(src, QMetaType::LongLong) ||
+                   test_type(src, QMetaType::UInt) ||
+                   test_type(src, QMetaType::ULongLong))
+        {
+            dst->format = MPV_FORMAT_INT64;
+            dst->u.int64 = src.toLongLong();
+        } else if (test_type(src, QMetaType::Double)) {
+            dst->format = MPV_FORMAT_DOUBLE;
+            dst->u.double_ = src.toDouble();
+        } else if (src.canConvert<QVariantList>()) {
+            QVariantList qlist = src.toList();
+            mpv_node_list *list = create_list(dst, false, qlist.size());
+            if (!list)
+                goto fail;
+            list->num = qlist.size();
+            for (int n = 0; n < qlist.size(); n++)
+                set(&list->values[n], qlist[n]);
+        } else if (src.canConvert<QVariantMap>()) {
+            QVariantMap qmap = src.toMap();
+            mpv_node_list *list = create_list(dst, true, qmap.size());
+            if (!list)
+                goto fail;
+            list->num = qmap.size();
+            for (int n = 0; n < qmap.size(); n++) {
+                list->keys[n] = dup_qstring(qmap.keys()[n]);
+                if (!list->keys[n]) {
+                    free_node(dst);
+                    goto fail;
+                }
+                set(&list->values[n], qmap.values()[n]);
+            }
+        } else {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        return;
+    fail:
+        dst->format = MPV_FORMAT_NONE;
+    }
+    void free_node(mpv_node *dst) {
+        switch (dst->format) {
+        case MPV_FORMAT_STRING:
+            delete[] dst->u.string;
+            break;
+        case MPV_FORMAT_NODE_ARRAY:
+        case MPV_FORMAT_NODE_MAP: {
+            mpv_node_list *list = dst->u.list;
+            if (list) {
+                for (int n = 0; n < list->num; n++) {
+                    if (list->keys)
+                        delete[] list->keys[n];
+                    if (list->values)
+                        free_node(&list->values[n]);
+                }
+                delete[] list->keys;
+                delete[] list->values;
+            }
+            delete list;
+            break;
+        }
+        default: ;
+        }
+        dst->format = MPV_FORMAT_NONE;
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * RAII wrapper that calls mpv_free_node_contents() on the pointer.
+ */
+struct node_autofree {
+    mpv_node *ptr;
+    node_autofree(mpv_node *a_ptr) : ptr(a_ptr) {}
+    ~node_autofree() { mpv_free_node_contents(ptr); }
+};
+
+#if MPV_ENABLE_DEPRECATED
+
+/**
+ * Return the given property as mpv_node converted to QVariant, or QVariant()
+ * on error.
+ *
+ * @deprecated use get_property() instead
+ *
+ * @param name the property name
+ */
+static inline QVariant get_property_variant(mpv_handle *ctx, const QString &name)
+{
+    mpv_node node;
+    if (mpv_get_property(ctx, name.toUtf8().data(), MPV_FORMAT_NODE, &node) < 0)
+        return QVariant();
+    node_autofree f(&node);
+    return node_to_variant(&node);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set the given property as mpv_node converted from the QVariant argument.
+
+ * @deprecated use set_property() instead
+ */
+static inline int set_property_variant(mpv_handle *ctx, const QString &name,
+                                       const QVariant &v)
+{
+    node_builder node(v);
+    return mpv_set_property(ctx, name.toUtf8().data(), MPV_FORMAT_NODE, node.node());
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set the given option as mpv_node converted from the QVariant argument.
+ *
+ * @deprecated use set_property() instead
+ */
+static inline int set_option_variant(mpv_handle *ctx, const QString &name,
+                                     const QVariant &v)
+{
+    node_builder node(v);
+    return mpv_set_option(ctx, name.toUtf8().data(), MPV_FORMAT_NODE, node.node());
+}
+
+/**
+ * mpv_command_node() equivalent. Returns QVariant() on error (and
+ * unfortunately, the same on success).
+ *
+ * @deprecated use command() instead
+ */
+static inline QVariant command_variant(mpv_handle *ctx, const QVariant &args)
+{
+    node_builder node(args);
+    mpv_node res;
+    if (mpv_command_node(ctx, node.node(), &res) < 0)
+        return QVariant();
+    node_autofree f(&res);
+    return node_to_variant(&res);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * This is used to return error codes wrapped in QVariant for functions which
+ * return QVariant.
+ *
+ * You can use get_error() or is_error() to extract the error status from a
+ * QVariant value.
+ */
+struct ErrorReturn
+{
+    /**
+     * enum mpv_error value (or a value outside of it if ABI was extended)
+     */
+    int error;
+
+    ErrorReturn() : error(0) {}
+    explicit ErrorReturn(int err) : error(err) {}
+};
+
+/**
+ * Return the mpv error code packed into a QVariant, or 0 (success) if it's not
+ * an error value.
+ *
+ * @return error code (<0) or success (>=0)
+ */
+static inline int get_error(const QVariant &v)
+{
+    if (!v.canConvert<ErrorReturn>())
+        return 0;
+    return v.value<ErrorReturn>().error;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return whether the QVariant carries a mpv error code.
+ */
+static inline bool is_error(const QVariant &v)
+{
+    return get_error(v) < 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the given property as mpv_node converted to QVariant, or QVariant()
+ * on error.
+ *
+ * @param name the property name
+ * @return the property value, or an ErrorReturn with the error code
+ */
+static inline QVariant get_property(mpv_handle *ctx, const QString &name)
+{
+    mpv_node node;
+    int err = mpv_get_property(ctx, name.toUtf8().data(), MPV_FORMAT_NODE, &node);
+    if (err < 0)
+        return QVariant::fromValue(ErrorReturn(err));
+    node_autofree f(&node);
+    return node_to_variant(&node);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set the given property as mpv_node converted from the QVariant argument.
+ *
+ * @return mpv error code (<0 on error, >= 0 on success)
+ */
+static inline int set_property(mpv_handle *ctx, const QString &name,
+                                       const QVariant &v)
+{
+    node_builder node(v);
+    return mpv_set_property(ctx, name.toUtf8().data(), MPV_FORMAT_NODE, node.node());
+}
+
+/**
+ * mpv_command_node() equivalent.
+ *
+ * @param args command arguments, with args[0] being the command name as string
+ * @return the property value, or an ErrorReturn with the error code
+ */
+static inline QVariant command(mpv_handle *ctx, const QVariant &args)
+{
+    node_builder node(args);
+    mpv_node res;
+    int err = mpv_command_node(ctx, node.node(), &res);
+    if (err < 0)
+        return QVariant::fromValue(ErrorReturn(err));
+    node_autofree f(&res);
+    return node_to_variant(&res);
+}
+
+}
+}
+
+Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(mpv::qt::ErrorReturn)
+
+#endif /* else #if MPV_ENABLE_DEPRECATED */
+
+#endif

Vendor/mpv/iOS/include/render.h

@@ -0,0 +1,626 @@
+/* Copyright (C) 2018 the mpv developers
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MPV_CLIENT_API_RENDER_H_
+#define MPV_CLIENT_API_RENDER_H_
+
+#include "client.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Overview
+ * --------
+ *
+ * This API can be used to make mpv render using supported graphic APIs (such
+ * as OpenGL). It can be used to handle video display.
+ *
+ * The renderer needs to be created with mpv_render_context_create() before
+ * you start playback (or otherwise cause a VO to be created). Then (with most
+ * backends) mpv_render_context_render() can be used to explicitly render the
+ * current video frame. Use mpv_render_context_set_update_callback() to get
+ * notified when there is a new frame to draw.
+ *
+ * Preferably rendering should be done in a separate thread. If you call
+ * normal libmpv API functions on the renderer thread, deadlocks can result
+ * (these are made non-fatal with timeouts, but user experience will obviously
+ * suffer). See "Threading" section below.
+ *
+ * You can output and embed video without this API by setting the mpv "wid"
+ * option to a native window handle (see "Embedding the video window" section
+ * in the client.h header). In general, using the render API is recommended,
+ * because window embedding can cause various issues, especially with GUI
+ * toolkits and certain platforms.
+ *
+ * Supported backends
+ * ------------------
+ *
+ * OpenGL: via MPV_RENDER_API_TYPE_OPENGL, see render_gl.h header.
+ *
+ * Threading
+ * ---------
+ *
+ * You are recommended to do rendering on a separate thread than normal libmpv
+ * use.
+ *
+ * The mpv_render_* functions can be called from any thread, under the
+ * following conditions:
+ *  - only one of the mpv_render_* functions can be called at the same time
+ *    (unless they belong to different mpv cores created by mpv_create())
+ *  - never can be called from within the callbacks set with
+ *    mpv_set_wakeup_callback() or mpv_render_context_set_update_callback()
+ *  - if the OpenGL backend is used, for all functions the OpenGL context
+ *    must be "current" in the calling thread, and it must be the same OpenGL
+ *    context as the mpv_render_context was created with. Otherwise, undefined
+ *    behavior will occur.
+ *  - the thread does not call libmpv API functions other than the mpv_render_*
+ *    functions, except APIs which are declared as safe (see below). Likewise,
+ *    there must be no lock or wait dependency from the render thread to a
+ *    thread using other libmpv functions. Basically, the situation that your
+ *    render thread waits for a "not safe" libmpv API function to return must
+ *    not happen. If you ignore this requirement, deadlocks can happen, which
+ *    are made non-fatal with timeouts; then playback quality will be degraded,
+ *    and the message
+ *          mpv_render_context_render() not being called or stuck.
+ *    is logged. If you set MPV_RENDER_PARAM_ADVANCED_CONTROL, you promise that
+ *    this won't happen, and must absolutely guarantee it, or a real deadlock
+ *    will freeze the mpv core thread forever.
+ *
+ * libmpv functions which are safe to call from a render thread are:
+ *  - functions marked with "Safe to be called from mpv render API threads."
+ *  - client.h functions which don't have an explicit or implicit mpv_handle
+ *    parameter
+ *  - mpv_render_* functions; but only for the same mpv_render_context pointer.
+ *    If the pointer is different, mpv_render_context_free() is not safe. (The
+ *    reason is that if MPV_RENDER_PARAM_ADVANCED_CONTROL is set, it may have
+ *    to process still queued requests from the core, which it can do only for
+ *    the current context, while requests for other contexts would deadlock.
+ *    Also, it may have to wait and block for the core to terminate the video
+ *    chain to make sure no resources are used after context destruction.)
+ *  - if the mpv_handle parameter refers to a different mpv core than the one
+ *    you're rendering for (very obscure, but allowed)
+ *
+ * Note about old libmpv version:
+ *
+ *      Before API version 1.105 (basically in mpv 0.29.x), simply enabling
+ *      MPV_RENDER_PARAM_ADVANCED_CONTROL could cause deadlock issues. This can
+ *      be worked around by setting the "vd-lavc-dr" option to "no".
+ *      In addition, you were required to call all mpv_render*() API functions
+ *      from the same thread on which mpv_render_context_create() was originally
+ *      run (for the same the mpv_render_context). Not honoring it led to UB
+ *      (deadlocks, use of invalid pthread_t handles), even if you moved your GL
+ *      context to a different thread correctly.
+ *      These problems were addressed in API version 1.105 (mpv 0.30.0).
+ *
+ * Context and handle lifecycle
+ * ----------------------------
+ *
+ * Video initialization will fail if the render context was not initialized yet
+ * (with mpv_render_context_create()), or it will revert to a VO that creates
+ * its own window.
+ *
+ * Currently, there can be only 1 mpv_render_context at a time per mpv core.
+ *
+ * Calling mpv_render_context_free() while a VO is using the render context is
+ * active will disable video.
+ *
+ * You must free the context with mpv_render_context_free() before the mpv core
+ * is destroyed. If this doesn't happen, undefined behavior will result.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Opaque context, returned by mpv_render_context_create().
+ */
+typedef struct mpv_render_context mpv_render_context;
+
+/**
+ * Parameters for mpv_render_param (which is used in a few places such as
+ * mpv_render_context_create().
+ *
+ * Also see mpv_render_param for conventions and how to use it.
+ */
+typedef enum mpv_render_param_type {
+    /**
+     * Not a valid value, but also used to terminate a params array. Its value
+     * is always guaranteed to be 0 (even if the ABI changes in the future).
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_PARAM_INVALID = 0,
+    /**
+     * The render API to use. Valid for mpv_render_context_create().
+     *
+     * Type: char*
+     *
+     * Defined APIs:
+     *
+     *   MPV_RENDER_API_TYPE_OPENGL:
+     *      OpenGL desktop 2.1 or later (preferably core profile compatible to
+     *      OpenGL 3.2), or OpenGLES 2.0 or later.
+     *      Providing MPV_RENDER_PARAM_OPENGL_INIT_PARAMS is required.
+     *      It is expected that an OpenGL context is valid and "current" when
+     *      calling mpv_render_* functions (unless specified otherwise). It
+     *      must be the same context for the same mpv_render_context.
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_PARAM_API_TYPE = 1,
+    /**
+     * Required parameters for initializing the OpenGL renderer. Valid for
+     * mpv_render_context_create().
+     * Type: mpv_opengl_init_params*
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_PARAM_OPENGL_INIT_PARAMS = 2,
+    /**
+     * Describes a GL render target. Valid for mpv_render_context_render().
+     * Type: mpv_opengl_fbo*
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_PARAM_OPENGL_FBO = 3,
+    /**
+     * Control flipped rendering. Valid for mpv_render_context_render().
+     * Type: int*
+     * If the value is set to 0, render normally. Otherwise, render it flipped,
+     * which is needed e.g. when rendering to an OpenGL default framebuffer
+     * (which has a flipped coordinate system).
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_PARAM_FLIP_Y = 4,
+    /**
+     * Control surface depth. Valid for mpv_render_context_render().
+     * Type: int*
+     * This implies the depth of the surface passed to the render function in
+     * bits per channel. If omitted or set to 0, the renderer will assume 8.
+     * Typically used to control dithering.
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_PARAM_DEPTH = 5,
+    /**
+     * ICC profile blob. Valid for mpv_render_context_set_parameter().
+     * Type: mpv_byte_array*
+     * Set an ICC profile for use with the "icc-profile-auto" option. (If the
+     * option is not enabled, the ICC data will not be used.)
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_PARAM_ICC_PROFILE = 6,
+    /**
+     * Ambient light in lux. Valid for mpv_render_context_set_parameter().
+     * Type: int*
+     * This can be used for automatic gamma correction.
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_PARAM_AMBIENT_LIGHT = 7,
+    /**
+     * X11 Display, sometimes used for hwdec. Valid for
+     * mpv_render_context_create(). The Display must stay valid for the lifetime
+     * of the mpv_render_context.
+     * Type: Display*
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_PARAM_X11_DISPLAY = 8,
+    /**
+     * Wayland display, sometimes used for hwdec. Valid for
+     * mpv_render_context_create(). The wl_display must stay valid for the
+     * lifetime of the mpv_render_context.
+     * Type: struct wl_display*
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_PARAM_WL_DISPLAY = 9,
+    /**
+     * Better control about rendering and enabling some advanced features. Valid
+     * for mpv_render_context_create().
+     *
+     * This conflates multiple requirements the API user promises to abide if
+     * this option is enabled:
+     *
+     *  - The API user's render thread, which is calling the mpv_render_*()
+     *    functions, never waits for the core. Otherwise deadlocks can happen.
+     *    See "Threading" section.
+     *  - The callback set with mpv_render_context_set_update_callback() can now
+     *    be called even if there is no new frame. The API user should call the
+     *    mpv_render_context_update() function, and interpret the return value
+     *    for whether a new frame should be rendered.
+     *  - Correct functionality is impossible if the update callback is not set,
+     *    or not set soon enough after mpv_render_context_create() (the core can
+     *    block while waiting for you to call mpv_render_context_update(), and
+     *    if the update callback is not correctly set, it will deadlock, or
+     *    block for too long).
+     *
+     * In general, setting this option will enable the following features (and
+     * possibly more):
+     *
+     *  - "Direct rendering", which means the player decodes directly to a
+     *    texture, which saves a copy per video frame ("vd-lavc-dr" option
+     *    needs to be enabled, and the rendering backend as well as the
+     *    underlying GPU API/driver needs to have support for it).
+     *  - Rendering screenshots with the GPU API if supported by the backend
+     *    (instead of using a suboptimal software fallback via libswscale).
+     *
+     * Warning: do not just add this without reading the "Threading" section
+     *          above, and then wondering that deadlocks happen. The
+     *          requirements are tricky. But also note that even if advanced
+     *          control is disabled, not adhering to the rules will lead to
+     *          playback problems. Enabling advanced controls simply makes
+     *          violating these rules fatal.
+     *
+     * Type: int*: 0 for disable (default), 1 for enable
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_PARAM_ADVANCED_CONTROL = 10,
+    /**
+     * Return information about the next frame to render. Valid for
+     * mpv_render_context_get_info().
+     *
+     * Type: mpv_render_frame_info*
+     *
+     * It strictly returns information about the _next_ frame. The implication
+     * is that e.g. mpv_render_context_update()'s return value will have
+     * MPV_RENDER_UPDATE_FRAME set, and the user is supposed to call
+     * mpv_render_context_render(). If there is no next frame, then the
+     * return value will have is_valid set to 0.
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_PARAM_NEXT_FRAME_INFO = 11,
+    /**
+     * Enable or disable video timing. Valid for mpv_render_context_render().
+     *
+     * Type: int*: 0 for disable, 1 for enable (default)
+     *
+     * When video is timed to audio, the player attempts to render video a bit
+     * ahead, and then do a blocking wait until the target display time is
+     * reached. This blocks mpv_render_context_render() for up to the amount
+     * specified with the "video-timing-offset" global option. You can set
+     * this parameter to 0 to disable this kind of waiting. If you do, it's
+     * recommended to use the target time value in mpv_render_frame_info to
+     * wait yourself, or to set the "video-timing-offset" to 0 instead.
+     *
+     * Disabling this without doing anything in addition will result in A/V sync
+     * being slightly off.
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_PARAM_BLOCK_FOR_TARGET_TIME = 12,
+    /**
+     * Use to skip rendering in mpv_render_context_render().
+     *
+     * Type: int*: 0 for rendering (default), 1 for skipping
+     *
+     * If this is set, you don't need to pass a target surface to the render
+     * function (and if you do, it's completely ignored). This can still call
+     * into the lower level APIs (i.e. if you use OpenGL, the OpenGL context
+     * must be set).
+     *
+     * Be aware that the render API will consider this frame as having been
+     * rendered. All other normal rules also apply, for example about whether
+     * you have to call mpv_render_context_report_swap(). It also does timing
+     * in the same way.
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_PARAM_SKIP_RENDERING = 13,
+    /**
+     * Deprecated. Not supported. Use MPV_RENDER_PARAM_DRM_DISPLAY_V2 instead.
+     * Type : struct mpv_opengl_drm_params*
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_PARAM_DRM_DISPLAY = 14,
+    /**
+     * DRM draw surface size, contains draw surface dimensions.
+     * Valid for mpv_render_context_create().
+     * Type : struct mpv_opengl_drm_draw_surface_size*
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_PARAM_DRM_DRAW_SURFACE_SIZE = 15,
+    /**
+     * DRM display, contains drm display handles.
+     * Valid for mpv_render_context_create().
+     * Type : struct mpv_opengl_drm_params_v2*
+    */
+    MPV_RENDER_PARAM_DRM_DISPLAY_V2 = 16,
+} mpv_render_param_type;
+
+/**
+ * For backwards compatibility with the old naming of
+ * MPV_RENDER_PARAM_DRM_DRAW_SURFACE_SIZE
+ */
+#define MPV_RENDER_PARAM_DRM_OSD_SIZE MPV_RENDER_PARAM_DRM_DRAW_SURFACE_SIZE
+
+/**
+ * Used to pass arbitrary parameters to some mpv_render_* functions. The
+ * meaning of the data parameter is determined by the type, and each
+ * MPV_RENDER_PARAM_* documents what type the value must point to.
+ *
+ * Each value documents the required data type as the pointer you cast to
+ * void* and set on mpv_render_param.data. For example, if MPV_RENDER_PARAM_FOO
+ * documents the type as Something* , then the code should look like this:
+ *
+ *   Something foo = {...};
+ *   mpv_render_param param;
+ *   param.type = MPV_RENDER_PARAM_FOO;
+ *   param.data = & foo;
+ *
+ * Normally, the data field points to exactly 1 object. If the type is char*,
+ * it points to a 0-terminated string.
+ *
+ * In all cases (unless documented otherwise) the pointers need to remain
+ * valid during the call only. Unless otherwise documented, the API functions
+ * will not write to the params array or any data pointed to it.
+ *
+ * As a convention, parameter arrays are always terminated by type==0. There
+ * is no specific order of the parameters required. The order of the 2 fields in
+ * this struct is guaranteed (even after ABI changes).
+ */
+typedef struct mpv_render_param {
+    enum mpv_render_param_type type;
+    void *data;
+} mpv_render_param;
+
+
+/**
+ * Predefined values for MPV_RENDER_PARAM_API_TYPE.
+ */
+#define MPV_RENDER_API_TYPE_OPENGL "opengl"
+
+/**
+ * Flags used in mpv_render_frame_info.flags. Each value represents a bit in it.
+ */
+typedef enum mpv_render_frame_info_flag {
+    /**
+     * Set if there is actually a next frame. If unset, there is no next frame
+     * yet, and other flags and fields that require a frame to be queued will
+     * be unset.
+     *
+     * This is set for _any_ kind of frame, even for redraw requests.
+     *
+     * Note that when this is unset, it simply means no new frame was
+     * decoded/queued yet, not necessarily that the end of the video was
+     * reached. A new frame can be queued after some time.
+     *
+     * If the return value of mpv_render_context_render() had the
+     * MPV_RENDER_UPDATE_FRAME flag set, this flag will usually be set as well,
+     * unless the frame is rendered, or discarded by other asynchronous events.
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_FRAME_INFO_PRESENT         = 1 << 0,
+    /**
+     * If set, the frame is not an actual new video frame, but a redraw request.
+     * For example if the video is paused, and an option that affects video
+     * rendering was changed (or any other reason), an update request can be
+     * issued and this flag will be set.
+     *
+     * Typically, redraw frames will not be subject to video timing.
+     *
+     * Implies MPV_RENDER_FRAME_INFO_PRESENT.
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_FRAME_INFO_REDRAW          = 1 << 1,
+    /**
+     * If set, this is supposed to reproduce the previous frame perfectly. This
+     * is usually used for certain "video-sync" options ("display-..." modes).
+     * Typically the renderer will blit the video from a FBO. Unset otherwise.
+     *
+     * Implies MPV_RENDER_FRAME_INFO_PRESENT.
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_FRAME_INFO_REPEAT          = 1 << 2,
+    /**
+     * If set, the player timing code expects that the user thread blocks on
+     * vsync (by either delaying the render call, or by making a call to
+     * mpv_render_context_report_swap() at vsync time).
+     *
+     * Implies MPV_RENDER_FRAME_INFO_PRESENT.
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_FRAME_INFO_BLOCK_VSYNC     = 1 << 3,
+} mpv_render_frame_info_flag;
+
+/**
+ * Information about the next video frame that will be rendered. Can be
+ * retrieved with MPV_RENDER_PARAM_NEXT_FRAME_INFO.
+ */
+typedef struct mpv_render_frame_info {
+    /**
+     * A bitset of mpv_render_frame_info_flag values (i.e. multiple flags are
+     * combined with bitwise or).
+     */
+    uint64_t flags;
+    /**
+     * Absolute time at which the frame is supposed to be displayed. This is in
+     * the same unit and base as the time returned by mpv_get_time_us(). For
+     * frames that are redrawn, or if vsync locked video timing is used (see
+     * "video-sync" option), then this can be 0. The "video-timing-offset"
+     * option determines how much "headroom" the render thread gets (but a high
+     * enough frame rate can reduce it anyway). mpv_render_context_render() will
+     * normally block until the time is elapsed, unless you pass it
+     * MPV_RENDER_PARAM_BLOCK_FOR_TARGET_TIME = 0.
+     */
+    int64_t target_time;
+} mpv_render_frame_info;
+
+/**
+ * Initialize the renderer state. Depending on the backend used, this will
+ * access the underlying GPU API and initialize its own objects.
+ *
+ * You must free the context with mpv_render_context_free(). Not doing so before
+ * the mpv core is destroyed may result in memory leaks or crashes.
+ *
+ * Currently, only at most 1 context can exists per mpv core (it represents the
+ * main video output).
+ *
+ * You should pass the following parameters:
+ *  - MPV_RENDER_PARAM_API_TYPE to select the underlying backend/GPU API.
+ *  - Backend-specific init parameter, like MPV_RENDER_PARAM_OPENGL_INIT_PARAMS.
+ *  - Setting MPV_RENDER_PARAM_ADVANCED_CONTROL and following its rules is
+ *    strongly recommended.
+ *  - If you want to use hwdec, possibly hwdec interop resources.
+ *
+ * @param res set to the context (on success) or NULL (on failure). The value
+ *            is never read and always overwritten.
+ * @param mpv handle used to get the core (the mpv_render_context won't depend
+ *            on this specific handle, only the core referenced by it)
+ * @param params an array of parameters, terminated by type==0. It's left
+ *               unspecified what happens with unknown parameters. At least
+ *               MPV_RENDER_PARAM_API_TYPE is required, and most backends will
+ *               require another backend-specific parameter.
+ * @return error code, including but not limited to:
+ *      MPV_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED: the OpenGL version is not supported
+ *                             (or required extensions are missing)
+ *      MPV_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED: an unknown API type was provided, or
+ *                                 support for the requested API was not
+ *                                 built in the used libmpv binary.
+ *      MPV_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER: at least one of the provided parameters was
+ *                                   not valid.
+ */
+int mpv_render_context_create(mpv_render_context **res, mpv_handle *mpv,
+                              mpv_render_param *params);
+
+/**
+ * Attempt to change a single parameter. Not all backends and parameter types
+ * support all kinds of changes.
+ *
+ * @param ctx a valid render context
+ * @param param the parameter type and data that should be set
+ * @return error code. If a parameter could actually be changed, this returns
+ *         success, otherwise an error code depending on the parameter type
+ *         and situation.
+ */
+int mpv_render_context_set_parameter(mpv_render_context *ctx,
+                                     mpv_render_param param);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve information from the render context. This is NOT a counterpart to
+ * mpv_render_context_set_parameter(), because you generally can't read
+ * parameters set with it, and this function is not meant for this purpose.
+ * Instead, this is for communicating information from the renderer back to the
+ * user. See mpv_render_param_type; entries which support this function
+ * explicitly mention it, and for other entries you can assume it will fail.
+ *
+ * You pass param with param.type set and param.data pointing to a variable
+ * of the required data type. The function will then overwrite that variable
+ * with the returned value (at least on success).
+ *
+ * @param ctx a valid render context
+ * @param param the parameter type and data that should be retrieved
+ * @return error code. If a parameter could actually be retrieved, this returns
+ *         success, otherwise an error code depending on the parameter type
+ *         and situation. MPV_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED is used for unknown
+ *         param.type, or if retrieving it is not supported.
+ */
+int mpv_render_context_get_info(mpv_render_context *ctx,
+                                mpv_render_param param);
+
+typedef void (*mpv_render_update_fn)(void *cb_ctx);
+
+/**
+ * Set the callback that notifies you when a new video frame is available, or
+ * if the video display configuration somehow changed and requires a redraw.
+ * Similar to mpv_set_wakeup_callback(), you must not call any mpv API from
+ * the callback, and all the other listed restrictions apply (such as not
+ * exiting the callback by throwing exceptions).
+ *
+ * This can be called from any thread, except from an update callback. In case
+ * of the OpenGL backend, no OpenGL state or API is accessed.
+ *
+ * Calling this will raise an update callback immediately.
+ *
+ * @param callback callback(callback_ctx) is called if the frame should be
+ *                 redrawn
+ * @param callback_ctx opaque argument to the callback
+ */
+void mpv_render_context_set_update_callback(mpv_render_context *ctx,
+                                            mpv_render_update_fn callback,
+                                            void *callback_ctx);
+
+/**
+ * The API user is supposed to call this when the update callback was invoked
+ * (like all mpv_render_* functions, this has to happen on the render thread,
+ * and _not_ from the update callback itself).
+ *
+ * This is optional if MPV_RENDER_PARAM_ADVANCED_CONTROL was not set (default).
+ * Otherwise, it's a hard requirement that this is called after each update
+ * callback. If multiple update callback happened, and the function could not
+ * be called sooner, it's OK to call it once after the last callback.
+ *
+ * If an update callback happens during or after this function, the function
+ * must be called again at the soonest possible time.
+ *
+ * If MPV_RENDER_PARAM_ADVANCED_CONTROL was set, this will do additional work
+ * such as allocating textures for the video decoder.
+ *
+ * @return a bitset of mpv_render_update_flag values (i.e. multiple flags are
+ *         combined with bitwise or). Typically, this will tell the API user
+ *         what should happen next. E.g. if the MPV_RENDER_UPDATE_FRAME flag is
+ *         set, mpv_render_context_render() should be called. If flags unknown
+ *         to the API user are set, or if the return value is 0, nothing needs
+ *         to be done.
+ */
+uint64_t mpv_render_context_update(mpv_render_context *ctx);
+
+/**
+ * Flags returned by mpv_render_context_update(). Each value represents a bit
+ * in the function's return value.
+ */
+typedef enum mpv_render_update_flag {
+    /**
+     * A new video frame must be rendered. mpv_render_context_render() must be
+     * called.
+     */
+    MPV_RENDER_UPDATE_FRAME         = 1 << 0,
+} mpv_render_context_flag;
+
+/**
+ * Render video.
+ *
+ * Typically renders the video to a target surface provided via mpv_render_param
+ * (the details depend on the backend in use). Options like "panscan" are
+ * applied to determine which part of the video should be visible and how the
+ * video should be scaled. You can change these options at runtime by using the
+ * mpv property API.
+ *
+ * The renderer will reconfigure itself every time the target surface
+ * configuration (such as size) is changed.
+ *
+ * This function implicitly pulls a video frame from the internal queue and
+ * renders it. If no new frame is available, the previous frame is redrawn.
+ * The update callback set with mpv_render_context_set_update_callback()
+ * notifies you when a new frame was added. The details potentially depend on
+ * the backends and the provided parameters.
+ *
+ * Generally, libmpv will invoke your update callback some time before the video
+ * frame should be shown, and then lets this function block until the supposed
+ * display time. This will limit your rendering to video FPS. You can prevent
+ * this by setting the "video-timing-offset" global option to 0. (This applies
+ * only to "audio" video sync mode.)
+ *
+ * You should pass the following parameters:
+ *  - Backend-specific target object, such as MPV_RENDER_PARAM_OPENGL_FBO.
+ *  - Possibly transformations, such as MPV_RENDER_PARAM_FLIP_Y.
+ *
+ * @param ctx a valid render context
+ * @param params an array of parameters, terminated by type==0. Which parameters
+ *               are required depends on the backend. It's left unspecified what
+ *               happens with unknown parameters.
+ * @return error code
+ */
+int mpv_render_context_render(mpv_render_context *ctx, mpv_render_param *params);
+
+/**
+ * Tell the renderer that a frame was flipped at the given time. This is
+ * optional, but can help the player to achieve better timing.
+ *
+ * Note that calling this at least once informs libmpv that you will use this
+ * function. If you use it inconsistently, expect bad video playback.
+ *
+ * If this is called while no video is initialized, it is ignored.
+ *
+ * @param ctx a valid render context
+ */
+void mpv_render_context_report_swap(mpv_render_context *ctx);
+
+/**
+ * Destroy the mpv renderer state.
+ *
+ * If video is still active (e.g. a file playing), video will be disabled
+ * forcefully.
+ *
+ * @param ctx a valid render context. After this function returns, this is not
+ *            a valid pointer anymore. NULL is also allowed and does nothing.
+ */
+void mpv_render_context_free(mpv_render_context *ctx);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif

Vendor/mpv/iOS/include/render_gl.h

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+/* Copyright (C) 2018 the mpv developers
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MPV_CLIENT_API_RENDER_GL_H_
+#define MPV_CLIENT_API_RENDER_GL_H_
+
+#include "render.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * OpenGL backend
+ * --------------
+ *
+ * This header contains definitions for using OpenGL with the render.h API.
+ *
+ * OpenGL interop
+ * --------------
+ *
+ * The OpenGL backend has some special rules, because OpenGL itself uses
+ * implicit per-thread contexts, which causes additional API problems.
+ *
+ * This assumes the OpenGL context lives on a certain thread controlled by the
+ * API user. All mpv_render_* APIs have to be assumed to implicitly use the
+ * OpenGL context if you pass a mpv_render_context using the OpenGL backend,
+ * unless specified otherwise.
+ *
+ * The OpenGL context is indirectly accessed through the OpenGL function
+ * pointers returned by the get_proc_address callback in mpv_opengl_init_params.
+ * Generally, mpv will not load the system OpenGL library when using this API.
+ *
+ * OpenGL state
+ * ------------
+ *
+ * OpenGL has a large amount of implicit state. All the mpv functions mentioned
+ * above expect that the OpenGL state is reasonably set to OpenGL standard
+ * defaults. Likewise, mpv will attempt to leave the OpenGL context with
+ * standard defaults. The following state is excluded from this:
+ *
+ *      - the glViewport state
+ *      - the glScissor state (but GL_SCISSOR_TEST is in its default value)
+ *      - glBlendFuncSeparate() state (but GL_BLEND is in its default value)
+ *      - glClearColor() state
+ *      - mpv may overwrite the callback set with glDebugMessageCallback()
+ *      - mpv always disables GL_DITHER at init
+ *
+ * Messing with the state could be avoided by creating shared OpenGL contexts,
+ * but this is avoided for the sake of compatibility and interoperability.
+ *
+ * On OpenGL 2.1, mpv will strictly call functions like glGenTextures() to
+ * create OpenGL objects. You will have to do the same. This ensures that
+ * objects created by mpv and the API users don't clash. Also, legacy state
+ * must be either in its defaults, or not interfere with core state.
+ *
+ * API use
+ * -------
+ *
+ * The mpv_render_* API is used. That API supports multiple backends, and this
+ * section documents specifics for the OpenGL backend.
+ *
+ * Use mpv_render_context_create() with MPV_RENDER_PARAM_API_TYPE set to
+ * MPV_RENDER_API_TYPE_OPENGL, and MPV_RENDER_PARAM_OPENGL_INIT_PARAMS provided.
+ *
+ * Call mpv_render_context_render() with MPV_RENDER_PARAM_OPENGL_FBO to render
+ * the video frame to an FBO.
+ *
+ * Hardware decoding
+ * -----------------
+ *
+ * Hardware decoding via this API is fully supported, but requires some
+ * additional setup. (At least if direct hardware decoding modes are wanted,
+ * instead of copying back surface data from GPU to CPU RAM.)
+ *
+ * There may be certain requirements on the OpenGL implementation:
+ *
+ * - Windows: ANGLE is required (although in theory GL/DX interop could be used)
+ * - Intel/Linux: EGL is required, and also the native display resource needs
+ *                to be provided (e.g. MPV_RENDER_PARAM_X11_DISPLAY for X11 and
+ *                MPV_RENDER_PARAM_WL_DISPLAY for Wayland)
+ * - nVidia/Linux: Both GLX and EGL should work (GLX is required if vdpau is
+ *                 used, e.g. due to old drivers.)
+ * - OSX: CGL is required (CGLGetCurrentContext() returning non-NULL)
+ * - iOS: EAGL is required (EAGLContext.currentContext returning non-nil)
+ *
+ * Once these things are setup, hardware decoding can be enabled/disabled at
+ * any time by setting the "hwdec" property.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * For initializing the mpv OpenGL state via MPV_RENDER_PARAM_OPENGL_INIT_PARAMS.
+ */
+typedef struct mpv_opengl_init_params {
+    /**
+     * This retrieves OpenGL function pointers, and will use them in subsequent
+     * operation.
+     * Usually, you can simply call the GL context APIs from this callback (e.g.
+     * glXGetProcAddressARB or wglGetProcAddress), but some APIs do not always
+     * return pointers for all standard functions (even if present); in this
+     * case you have to compensate by looking up these functions yourself when
+     * libmpv wants to resolve them through this callback.
+     * libmpv will not normally attempt to resolve GL functions on its own, nor
+     * does it link to GL libraries directly.
+     */
+    void *(*get_proc_address)(void *ctx, const char *name);
+    /**
+     * Value passed as ctx parameter to get_proc_address().
+     */
+    void *get_proc_address_ctx;
+    /**
+     * This should not be used. It is deprecated and will be removed or ignored
+     * when the opengl_cb API is removed.
+     */
+    const char *extra_exts;
+} mpv_opengl_init_params;
+
+/**
+ * For MPV_RENDER_PARAM_OPENGL_FBO.
+ */
+typedef struct mpv_opengl_fbo {
+    /**
+     * Framebuffer object name. This must be either a valid FBO generated by
+     * glGenFramebuffers() that is complete and color-renderable, or 0. If the
+     * value is 0, this refers to the OpenGL default framebuffer.
+     */
+    int fbo;
+    /**
+     * Valid dimensions. This must refer to the size of the framebuffer. This
+     * must always be set.
+     */
+    int w, h;
+    /**
+     * Underlying texture internal format (e.g. GL_RGBA8), or 0 if unknown. If
+     * this is the default framebuffer, this can be an equivalent.
+     */
+    int internal_format;
+} mpv_opengl_fbo;
+
+/**
+ * Deprecated. For MPV_RENDER_PARAM_DRM_DISPLAY.
+ */
+typedef struct mpv_opengl_drm_params {
+    int fd;
+    int crtc_id;
+    int connector_id;
+    struct _drmModeAtomicReq **atomic_request_ptr;
+    int render_fd;
+} mpv_opengl_drm_params;
+
+/**
+ * For MPV_RENDER_PARAM_DRM_DRAW_SURFACE_SIZE.
+ */
+typedef struct mpv_opengl_drm_draw_surface_size {
+    /**
+     * size of the draw plane surface in pixels.
+     */
+    int width, height;
+} mpv_opengl_drm_draw_surface_size;
+
+/**
+ * For MPV_RENDER_PARAM_DRM_DISPLAY_V2.
+ */
+typedef struct mpv_opengl_drm_params_v2 {
+    /**
+     * DRM fd (int). Set to -1 if invalid.
+     */
+    int fd;
+
+    /**
+     * Currently used crtc id
+     */
+    int crtc_id;
+
+    /**
+     * Currently used connector id
+     */
+    int connector_id;
+
+    /**
+     * Pointer to a drmModeAtomicReq pointer that is being used for the renderloop.
+     * This pointer should hold a pointer to the atomic request pointer
+     * The atomic request pointer is usually changed at every renderloop.
+     */
+    struct _drmModeAtomicReq **atomic_request_ptr;
+
+    /**
+     * DRM render node. Used for VAAPI interop.
+     * Set to -1 if invalid.
+     */
+    int render_fd;
+} mpv_opengl_drm_params_v2;
+
+
+/**
+ * For backwards compatibility with the old naming of mpv_opengl_drm_draw_surface_size
+ */
+#define mpv_opengl_drm_osd_size mpv_opengl_drm_draw_surface_size
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif

Vendor/mpv/iOS/include/stream_cb.h

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+/* Copyright (C) 2017 the mpv developers
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MPV_CLIENT_API_STREAM_CB_H_
+#define MPV_CLIENT_API_STREAM_CB_H_
+
+#include "client.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Warning: this API is not stable yet.
+ *
+ * Overview
+ * --------
+ *
+ * This API can be used to make mpv read from a stream with a custom
+ * implementation. This interface is inspired by funopen on BSD and
+ * fopencookie on linux. The stream is backed by user-defined callbacks
+ * which can implement customized open, read, seek, size and close behaviors.
+ *
+ * Usage
+ * -----
+ *
+ * Register your stream callbacks with the mpv_stream_cb_add_ro() function. You
+ * have to provide a mpv_stream_cb_open_ro_fn callback to it (open_fn argument).
+ *
+ * Once registered, you can `loadfile myprotocol://myfile`. Your open_fn will be
+ * invoked with the URI and you must fill out the provided mpv_stream_cb_info
+ * struct. This includes your stream callbacks (like read_fn), and an opaque
+ * cookie, which will be passed as the first argument to all the remaining
+ * stream callbacks.
+ *
+ * Note that your custom callbacks must not invoke libmpv APIs as that would
+ * cause a deadlock. (Unless you call a different mpv_handle than the one the
+ * callback was registered for, and the mpv_handles refer to different mpv
+ * instances.)
+ *
+ * Stream lifetime
+ * ---------------
+ *
+ * A stream remains valid until its close callback has been called. It's up to
+ * libmpv to call the close callback, and the libmpv user cannot close it
+ * directly with the stream_cb API.
+ *
+ * For example, if you consider your custom stream to become suddenly invalid
+ * (maybe because the underlying stream died), libmpv will continue using your
+ * stream. All you can do is returning errors from each callback, until libmpv
+ * gives up and closes it.
+ *
+ * Protocol registration and lifetime
+ * ----------------------------------
+ *
+ * Protocols remain registered until the mpv instance is terminated. This means
+ * in particular that it can outlive the mpv_handle that was used to register
+ * it, but once mpv_terminate_destroy() is called, your registered callbacks
+ * will not be called again.
+ *
+ * Protocol unregistration is finished after the mpv core has been destroyed
+ * (e.g. after mpv_terminate_destroy() has returned).
+ *
+ * If you do not call mpv_terminate_destroy() yourself (e.g. plugin-style code),
+ * you will have to deal with the registration or even streams outliving your
+ * code. Here are some possible ways to do this:
+ * - call mpv_terminate_destroy(), which destroys the core, and will make sure
+ *   all streams are closed once this function returns
+ * - you refcount all resources your stream "cookies" reference, so that it
+ *   doesn't matter if streams live longer than expected
+ * - create "cancellation" semantics: after your protocol has been unregistered,
+ *   notify all your streams that are still opened, and make them drop all
+ *   referenced resources - then return errors from the stream callbacks as
+ *   long as the stream is still opened
+ *
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Read callback used to implement a custom stream. The semantics of the
+ * callback match read(2) in blocking mode. Short reads are allowed (you can
+ * return less bytes than requested, and libmpv will retry reading the rest
+ * with another call). If no data can be immediately read, the callback must
+ * block until there is new data. A return of 0 will be interpreted as final
+ * EOF, although libmpv might retry the read, or seek to a different position.
+ *
+ * @param cookie opaque cookie identifying the stream,
+ *               returned from mpv_stream_cb_open_fn
+ * @param buf buffer to read data into
+ * @param size of the buffer
+ * @return number of bytes read into the buffer
+ * @return 0 on EOF
+ * @return -1 on error
+ */
+typedef int64_t (*mpv_stream_cb_read_fn)(void *cookie, char *buf, uint64_t nbytes);
+
+/**
+ * Seek callback used to implement a custom stream.
+ *
+ * Note that mpv will issue a seek to position 0 immediately after opening. This
+ * is used to test whether the stream is seekable (since seekability might
+ * depend on the URI contents, not just the protocol). Return
+ * MPV_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED if seeking is not implemented for this stream. This
+ * seek also serves to establish the fact that streams start at position 0.
+ *
+ * This callback can be NULL, in which it behaves as if always returning
+ * MPV_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED.
+ *
+ * @param cookie opaque cookie identifying the stream,
+ *               returned from mpv_stream_cb_open_fn
+ * @param offset target absolut stream position
+ * @return the resulting offset of the stream
+ *         MPV_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED or MPV_ERROR_GENERIC if the seek failed
+ */
+typedef int64_t (*mpv_stream_cb_seek_fn)(void *cookie, int64_t offset);
+
+/**
+ * Size callback used to implement a custom stream.
+ *
+ * Return MPV_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED if no size is known.
+ *
+ * This callback can be NULL, in which it behaves as if always returning
+ * MPV_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED.
+ *
+ * @param cookie opaque cookie identifying the stream,
+ *               returned from mpv_stream_cb_open_fn
+ * @return the total size in bytes of the stream
+ */
+typedef int64_t (*mpv_stream_cb_size_fn)(void *cookie);
+
+/**
+ * Close callback used to implement a custom stream.
+ *
+ * @param cookie opaque cookie identifying the stream,
+ *               returned from mpv_stream_cb_open_fn
+ */
+typedef void (*mpv_stream_cb_close_fn)(void *cookie);
+
+/**
+ * Cancel callback used to implement a custom stream.
+ *
+ * This callback is used to interrupt any current or future read and seek
+ * operations. It will be called from a separate thread than the demux
+ * thread, and should not block.
+ *
+ * This callback can be NULL.
+ *
+ * Available since API 1.106.
+ *
+ * @param cookie opaque cookie identifying the stream,
+ *               returned from mpv_stream_cb_open_fn
+ */
+typedef void (*mpv_stream_cb_cancel_fn)(void *cookie);
+
+/**
+ * See mpv_stream_cb_open_ro_fn callback.
+ */
+typedef struct mpv_stream_cb_info {
+    /**
+     * Opaque user-provided value, which will be passed to the other callbacks.
+     * The close callback will be called to release the cookie. It is not
+     * interpreted by mpv. It doesn't even need to be a valid pointer.
+     *
+     * The user sets this in the mpv_stream_cb_open_ro_fn callback.
+     */
+    void *cookie;
+
+    /**
+     * Callbacks set by the user in the mpv_stream_cb_open_ro_fn callback. Some
+     * of them are optional, and can be left unset.
+     *
+     * The following callbacks are mandatory: read_fn, close_fn
+     */
+    mpv_stream_cb_read_fn read_fn;
+    mpv_stream_cb_seek_fn seek_fn;
+    mpv_stream_cb_size_fn size_fn;
+    mpv_stream_cb_close_fn close_fn;
+    mpv_stream_cb_cancel_fn cancel_fn; /* since API 1.106 */
+} mpv_stream_cb_info;
+
+/**
+ * Open callback used to implement a custom read-only (ro) stream. The user
+ * must set the callback fields in the passed info struct. The cookie field
+ * also can be set to store state associated to the stream instance.
+ *
+ * Note that the info struct is valid only for the duration of this callback.
+ * You can't change the callbacks or the pointer to the cookie at a later point.
+ *
+ * Each stream instance created by the open callback can have different
+ * callbacks.
+ *
+ * The close_fn callback will terminate the stream instance. The pointers to
+ * your callbacks and cookie will be discarded, and the callbacks will not be
+ * called again.
+ *
+ * @param user_data opaque user data provided via mpv_stream_cb_add()
+ * @param uri name of the stream to be opened (with protocol prefix)
+ * @param info fields which the user should fill
+ * @return 0 on success, MPV_ERROR_LOADING_FAILED if the URI cannot be opened.
+ */
+typedef int (*mpv_stream_cb_open_ro_fn)(void *user_data, char *uri,
+                                        mpv_stream_cb_info *info);
+
+/**
+ * Add a custom stream protocol. This will register a protocol handler under
+ * the given protocol prefix, and invoke the given callbacks if an URI with the
+ * matching protocol prefix is opened.
+ *
+ * The "ro" is for read-only - only read-only streams can be registered with
+ * this function.
+ *
+ * The callback remains registered until the mpv core is registered.
+ *
+ * If a custom stream with the same name is already registered, then the
+ * MPV_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER error is returned.
+ *
+ * @param protocol protocol prefix, for example "foo" for "foo://" URIs
+ * @param user_data opaque pointer passed into the mpv_stream_cb_open_fn
+ *                  callback.
+ * @return error code
+ */
+int mpv_stream_cb_add_ro(mpv_handle *ctx, const char *protocol, void *user_data,
+                         mpv_stream_cb_open_ro_fn open_fn);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif

iOS/BridgingHeader.h

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#import <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
+#import "../Vendor/mpv/iOS/include/client.h"
+#import "../Vendor/mpv/iOS/include/render.h"
+#import "../Vendor/mpv/iOS/include/render_gl.h"
+#import "../Vendor/mpv/iOS/include/stream_cb.h"

iOS/Info.plist

@@ -16,10 +16,7 @@
 		</dict>
 	</array>
 	<key>UIApplicationSceneManifest</key>
-	<dict>
-		<key>UIApplicationSupportsMultipleScenes</key>
-		<false/>
-	</dict>
+	<dict/>
 	<key>UIBackgroundModes</key>
 	<array>
 		<string>audio</string>

macOS/AVPlayerView.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import Defaults
+import SwiftUI
+
+struct AVPlayerView: NSViewControllerRepresentable {
+    @EnvironmentObject<PlayerModel> private var player
+
+    @State private var controller: AVPlayerViewController?
+
+    init(controller: AVPlayerViewController? = nil) {
+        self.controller = controller
+    }
+
+    func makeNSViewController(context _: Context) -> AVPlayerViewController {
+        if self.controller != nil {
+            return self.controller!
+        }
+
+        let controller = AVPlayerViewController()
+
+        controller.playerModel = player
+        player.controller = controller
+
+        return controller
+    }
+
+    func updateNSViewController(_: AVPlayerViewController, context _: Context) {}
+}

macOS/AVPlayerViewController.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import AVKit
+import SwiftUI
+
+final class AVPlayerViewController: NSViewController {
+    var playerModel: PlayerModel!
+    var playerView = AVPlayerView()
+    var pictureInPictureDelegate = PictureInPictureDelegate()
+
+    var aspectRatio: Double? {
+        let ratio = Double(playerView.videoBounds.width) / Double(playerView.videoBounds.height)
+
+        if !ratio.isFinite {
+            return VideoPlayerView.defaultAspectRatio
+        }
+
+        return [ratio, 1.0].max()!
+    }
+
+    override func viewDidDisappear() {
+        super.viewDidDisappear()
+    }
+
+    override func loadView() {
+        playerView.player = playerModel.avPlayer
+        pictureInPictureDelegate.playerModel = playerModel
+
+        playerView.allowsPictureInPicturePlayback = true
+        playerView.showsFullScreenToggleButton = true
+
+        playerView.pictureInPictureDelegate = pictureInPictureDelegate
+
+        view = playerView
+    }
+}